Fig. 3

The group comparison between the autonomy support and control groups after the training. Each participant was represented by a dot, and the gray and white violin plots represented the control and autonomy support groups, respectively. The change in the use of the more-affected arm, measured in the free-choice block of the IMES (A), was higher in the autonomy support group after the training. However, there were no significant differences in the change in AAUT-QOM (D) between the pre- and post-training tests or between the control and autonomy support groups. Significant differences were found in performance, measured in the forced-choice block of the IMES (C), FMA (E), WMFT (F), self-efficacy (G), and the marginal difference was found in the movement duration (B), between the pre-training and post-training tests. However, no significant group differences were observed in these variables. NS non-significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001