Feasibility and outcomes of supplemental gait training by robotic and conventional means in acute stroke rehabilitation

Table 2 Changes in outcome variables from admission to discharge and between treatment modality

	FAC	FIM	Ank. MAS	Knee MAS	5xSTS (sec)	2MWT (m)	10MWT (m/s)	RPE	Ank. DF (deg)	Knee Ext. (deg)
Mean Loko	1.2	24.5	0.3	0.0	− 24.9^a	25.8	0.24	− 0.7	4.4	1.4
Stdev Loko	1.0	10.5	0.7	1.1	26.7	28.6	0.24	1.1	10.0	3.9
p-value Loko WSR (t-test)	0.0039 (0.0012)	0.0025 (2.92E-06)	0.32 (0.22)	0.94 (1.00)	0.011 (0.0039)	0.0039 (0.0049)	0.0039 (0.0026)	0.049 (0.027)	0.77 (0.92)	0.25 (0.21)
Cohen’s d	1.1	2.3	0.4	0	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.6	0.0	0.4
Mean CGT	1.4	26.6	0.4	0.2	− 9.2^a	39.5	0.23	− 0.7	1.3	− 0.3
Stdev CGT	1.4	11.0	0.8	0.9	7.7	52.2	0.29	2.4	20.8	2.3
p-value CGT WSR (t-test)	0.0024 (0.0018)	1.2E-04 (7.9E-07)	0.094 (0.11)	0.58 (0.56)	0.016 (0.019)	0.0020 (0.0033)	0.0039 (0.0066)	0.13 (0.16)	0.64 (0.98)	0.75 (0.64)
Cohen’s d	1.0	2.4	0.5	0.2	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.3	0.0	0.1
ANOVA p-value (Loko vs. CGT)	0.661	0.628	0.573	0.708	0.102	0.430	0.903	0.973	0.777	0.165
p value of regression with dose	0.41	0.04	N/A	N/A	0.43	0.86	0.18	N/A	N/A	N/A

¹ANOVA p-value row refers to the post-MANOVA individual outcome comparisons between CGT and Lokomat®
²“p-value Loko WSR (t-test)” and “p-value CGT WSR (t-test)” are the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test using one-sample (i.e. comparing means of pre vs. post change scores to zero)
³Statistical analysis excludes participants who withdrew from study
⁴For FAC only, the ANCOVA was computed with number of training sessions (i.e. dose) as the covariate. The partial eta squared (η²) was 0.17; p value comparing means between groups was 0.64
^aNot included in the change score data was that 5 of the 9 participants, combined across both groups, could not complete the STS task at admission but were able to complete it at discharge. The intake completion time of these participants was not defined (or infinity) and so their change scores could not be calculated. The data of these 9 participants did not contribute to the statistical evaluations (WSR, MANOVA or the subsequent post-hoc comparisons). The individual times were: 12s (CGT), 17s (CGT), 36s (CGT), 16s (CGT), 37.7 (Lokomat®)

ISSN: 1743-0003