Table 3 Summary of significant outcomes of virtual reality interventions for Parkinson’s disease
Study | Number of primary studies | Outcome | No. of participants | Hedges’ g (95%CI) | P random | I2 | 95%PI | Largest study (95%CI) | Egger's test P value | Grade rating | AMSTAR2 rating | Significant studies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed | P value | ||||||||||||
Li et al., 2021 [30] | 5 | ADL scale | 187 | 0.618 (0.319 to 0.917) | 5.04 × 10 − 5 | 0 | (0.133 to 1.103) | (0.111 to 1.269) | 0.579 | Very low | Low | 1 | 0.57 |
Li et al., 2021 [30] | 9 | PDQ-39 | 307 |  − 0.277 (− 0.505 to − 0.049) | 1.71 × 10 − 2 | 0 | (− 0.552 to − 0.002) | (− 1.3 to − 0.14) | 0.193 | Low | Low | 1 | 0.255 |
Li et al., 2021 [30] | 15 | BBS | 551 | 0.657 (0.365 to 0.95) | 1.08 × 10 − 5 | 62 | (− 0.359 to 1.673) | (0.218 to 1.142) | 0.473 | Very low | Low | 7 | 0.476 |
Elisabetta et al., 2022 [27] | 8 | TUG | 236 | 0.906 (0.195 to 1.617) | 1.25 × 10 − 2 | 84.1 | (− 1.556–3.368) | (2.646 to 4.636) | 0.221 | Very low | Moderate | 4 | 0.86 |
Elisabetta et al., 2022 [27] | 8 | Walking speed | 279 | 0.107 (− 0.13 to 0.344) | 0.376 | 0 | (− 0.188 to 0.402) | (− 0.717 to 0.241) | 0.0997 | Very low | Moderate | 0 | 0.747 |
Joseph et al., 2020 [11] | 3 | UPDRS | 75 |  − 0.38 (− 1.455 to 0.695) | 0.488 | 80 | (− 13.219 to 12.459) | (− 1.694 to − 0.102) | 0.842 | Low | Moderate | 2 | 0.0169 |
Zhang et al., 2022 [29] | 4 | Stride length | 124 |  − 0.488 (− 0.845 to − 0.131) | 7.43 × 10 − 3 | 0 | (− 1.273 to 0.296) | (− 1.029 to 0.161) | 0.33 | Moderate | Moderate | 0 | 0.897 |
Zhang et al., 2022 [29] | 3 | FGA | 107 | 0.37 (− 0.096 to 0.836) | 0.12 | 26.6 | (− 3.708 to 4.448) | (− 0.506 to 0.599) | 0.317 | Moderate | Moderate | 1 | 0.311 |