Fig. 4

Sensorimotor effects of training on the contralateral untrained ipsilateral elbow as measured by the proprioceptive Just-Noticeable Difference threshold and the Movement Accuracy Error. (A) JND thresholds for each participant at posttest and retention are mapped against their pretest thresholds. Dashed diagonal line represents the line of equality, i.e., indicating that no change had occurred due to training. (B) Individual MAE values at posttest and retention are mapped against their pretest values. (C) Boxplot indicating the distribution of JND and MAE at pretest, posttest and retention. Boxes represent the range between 25th to 75th percentiles. Line within the box represents the median. The upper and lower whiskers extend to + 1.5 and − 1.5 inter-quartile range, respectively. Open circle symbol indicates an outlier value ( > ± 1.5 IQR). ***indicates p < 0.001, **indicates p < 0.01, *indicates p < 0.05