Table 1 Main characteristics and outcomes of the reviewed articles
Article | N (analysed) | N° sessions and tDCS parameters (duration, intensity, electrode area) | tDCS electrode placement | Variables | Design | Other therapy | MS type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baroni et al., 2022 | 16 (16) | 10 sessions 15 min 2 mA Electrodes of 35 cm2 | +: cerebellum right hemisphere -: ipsilateral buccinator | TUG 8-feet test DGI MSWS-12 | Pre Post After 2 weeks | Task-oriented training | RR PP SP |
Ehsani et al., 2022 | 37 (30) | 10 sessions 20 min 1.5 mA Electrodes of 35 cm2 | +: cerebellum right hemisphere -: right buccinator | Biodex balance system Berg Scale FES-1 | Pre Post After 1 month | Postural training | |
Iodice et al., 2015 | 20 (20) | 5 sessions 20 min 2 mA Electrodes of 35 cm2 | +: M1 contralateral to the most affected side -: supraorbital area contralateral to the anode | MSWS-12 | Pre Post After 1 week | RR | |
Marotta et al., 2022 | 17 (17) | 10 sessions 20 min 2.5 mA Electrodes of 25 cm2 | +: M1 (C3) -: supraorbital area | TUG 6MWT Berg Scale FRI | Pre Post After 4 weeks After 6 weeks | Conventional physical therapy | RR |
Mohammadkhabeigi et al., 2022 | 29 (29) | 5 sessions 20 min 2 mA Electrodes of 25cm2 | +: M1 (CZ) -: supraorbital area | Berg Scale TUG 6MWT | Pre Post | Core stability training | RR |
Nguemeni et al., 2022 | 22 (22) | 6 sessions for 2 weeks 15 min 2 mA Electrodes of 35 cm2 | +: cerebellum ipsilateral to the most affected -: ipsilateral buccinator | FGA TUG 2-min walking test 50-meters walking test | Pre Post After 6 weeks | Split Belt Treadmill | |
Oveisgharan et al., 2019 | 17 (13) | 7 sessions 30 min 2.5 mA/cm2 Electrodes of 16 cm2 | +: M1 (CZ) -: inion | T25FW MSWS-12 | Pre Post | RR | |
Pilloni et al., 2020 (1) | 17 (17) | 1 session 20 min 2.5 mA/cm2 Electrodes of 25 cm2 | +: M1 (C3) -: contralateral supraorbital area | 10MWT TUG | Pre Post | Aerobic exercise | RR PP |
Pilloni et al., 2020 (2) | 18 (15) | 10 sessions 20 min 2.5 mA/cm2 Electrodes of 25 cm2 | +: M1 (C3) -: FP2 | 10MWT 2-min walking test MSWS-12 | Pre Post | Aerobic exercise | RR PP |
Rahimibarghani et al., 2022 | 50 (39) | 12 sessions 25 min 1.5 mA Electrodes of 16 cm2 | +: M1 dominant hemisphere (C3) -: contralateral shoulder | TUG 2-min walking test 5-min walking test | Pre Post After 1 month | Exercise on a stationary bike | RR PP SP |
Workman et al., 2019 | 12 (12) | 1 session 13 min 2 mA/cm2 Electrodes of 25 cm2 | +: contralateral M1 to the most leg affected (C3-C4) -: contralateral supraorbital area | 6MWT | Pre Post | RR |