Table 3 Comparison of training-related effects on propulsion biomechanics and related metrics

Peak Propulsion

S1

9.77 (0.70)

8.81 (1.21)

0.001

9.10 (1.30)

10.10 (1.22)

0.003

S2

6.63 (2.68)

7.36 (3.01)

> 0.05

8.95 (2.93)

8.77 (2.49)

> 0.05

S3

9.84 (1.65)

11.08 (1.97)

0.030

8.22 (1.19)

8.69 (1.18)

0.025

S4

7.09 (2.37)

7.00 (2.79)

> 0.05

5.81 (1.80)

7.40 (1.19)

0.003

Plantarflexor Torque

S1

1.00 (0.07)

1.04 (0.07)

> 0.05

0.85 (0.08)

0.92 (0.08)

0.001

S2

1.40 (0.19)

1.46 (0.19)

0.036

1.44 (0.28)

1.36 (0.10)

> 0.05

S3

1.44 (0.15)

1.44 (0.08)

> 0.05

1.39 (0.10)

1.43 (0.13)

0.030

S4

0.93 (0.09)

1.04 (0.19)

0.033

0.88 (0.16)

0.96 (0.22)

> 0.05

Trailing limb angle

S1

23.93 (0.66)

23.86 (0.69)

> 0.05

21.39 (1.16)

23.10 (0.56)

< 0.001

S2

16.62 (1.91)

18.55 (2.57)

0.011

17.59 (1.84)

17.76 (1.05)

> 0.05

S3

22.77 (2.32)

26.51 (1.60)

< 0.001

21.00 (2.18)

22.42 (2.17)

0.005

S4

14.48 (2.07)

14.10 (2.96)

> 0.05

12.88 (1.88)

14.08 (1.87)

0.010

Stride length

S1

0.99 (0.04)

0.99 (0.03)

> 0.05

0.86 (0.06)

0.93 (0.03)

< 0.001

S2

1.03 (0.05)

1.16 (0.05)

< 0.001

1.15 (0.07)

1.17 (0.04)

> 0.05

S3

0.90 (0.11)

0.99 (0.07)

< 0.001

0.82 (0.06)

0.92 (0.06)

< 0.001

S4

0.97 (0.04)

0.96 (0.05)

> 0.05

0.93 (0.04)

0.97 (0.04)

0.010