Fig. 3

Boxplot which displays the amplitude and distribution of the parameters measured using the PSAD device prior to (Pre) and after the rTMS intervention (Post). The middle horizontal line of each box represents the median value. The lower horizontal lines represent the first quartile (Q1: 25th percentile) while the upper horizontal line represents the third quartile (Q3: 75th percentile). The whiskers indicate the spread of data points smaller than the first or larger than the third quartiles (in the range of 1.5 × interquartile range (IQR). The red and blue circles represent individual data points pre and post intervention, respectively. The stretch reflex torque is the torque measured in a 100 ms window that follows the maximum EMG peak around maximum velocity. Passive stiffness is the component measured during slow stretches in the absence of stretch reflex, it represents changes in the elasticity of muscle and soft tissue due to immobilization. Nm: Newton-meter; mNm/°: milli Newton-meter per degree. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference at the level p < 0.05