Immersive virtual reality gameplay detects visuospatial atypicality, including unilateral spatial neglect, following brain injury: a pilot study

Table 1 Immersive VR neglect assessments

Study	Gameplay	Sample^a	Neglect determination^b	Feasibility^c	Chronicity^d (M days)	Chronicity^d (SD days)	Case inferences
Current study	Localisation	Stroke, TBI, ABI, L/R/B	CLOX, LCT, LiCT*, observation	GEQ, SUS, SSQ, chronicity	41	29	Normative modelling
Aravind et al. [38]	Navigation, avoidance	LHS, RHS	MVPT, LCT	None	413	706	Descriptives
Aravind and Lamontagne [39]	Navigation, avoidance	RHS	MVPT, LCT, BeT**	None	339	150	None
Aravind and Lamontagne [40]	Navigation, avoidance	RHS	MVPT, LCT, BeT**	None	339	148	Example results
Hougaard et al. [41]	Free viewing	RHS	KF-NAP^	None	84	103	Normative modelling
Jannink et al. [42]	Detection	LHS, RHS	BIT^	None	69	25	None
Kim et al. [43]	Street crossing	RHS	Deficits in ADLs^	None	116	97	None
Knobel et al. [30]	Cancellation	RHS	SNT**	SUS, SSQ	76	36	None
Knobel et al. [44]	Detection	RHS	CBS^, SNT**	SUS, SSQ, IPQ, PGTQ	64	33	Descriptives
Numao et al. [45]	Detection	RHS	Observation, LBT, LiCT, SCT**, CBS^	None	10		Case study
Ogourtsova et al. [46]	Navigation	RHS	LBT, SCT, AT*, observation	None	675	589	Descriptives
Ogourtsova et al. [47]	Navigation, detection	RHS	LBT, SCT, AT*, observation	None	675	589	Descriptives
Ogourtsova et al. [48]	Navigation, detection	RHS	LBT, SCT, AT*, observation	None	675	589	Descriptives
Peskine et al. [49]	Navigation	RHS	BeT**, CBS^	None	490	865	Descriptives
Yasuda et al. [50]	Detection	RHS	Observation^, LiCT, LBT, CBS^	None	15		Case study
Yasuda et al. [51]	Detection	RHS	Observation^, TMT, BIT	Motion sickness	109		Case study

^aLHS = left hemisphere stroke, RHS = right hemisphere stroke, L/R/B = left, right, and bilateral injuries
^b** = pen-and-paper test, ^ = behavioral test, * = clinical observation, ADLs^ = Activities of daily living, Albert’s Test** = Albert’s Test, AT** = Apples Test, BIT^ = Behavioural Inattention Test, BeT** = Bells test, CBS† = Catherine Bergego Scale, CLOX** = CLOX: An Executive Clock Drawing Task, LBT** = Line Bisection Test, LC** = Letter Cancellation, LCT** = Letter Cancellation Test, LiCT** = Line Cancellation Test, KF-NAP^ = Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process, MVPT** = Motor Free Visual Perceptual Test, SCT** = Star Cancellation Test, SNT** = Sensitive Neglect Test, TMT** = Trail Making Test
^cGEQ** = Game Experience Questionnaire, IPQ** = Igroup Presence Questionnaire, PGTQ** = Perception of Game Training Questionnaire, SSQ** = Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, SUS** = System Usability Scale
^dTime since injury

ISSN: 1743-0003