Table 4 Target condition and parameter mode
From: Devices used for photobiomodulation of the brain—a comprehensive and systematic review
Target condition | No. of reports | Location | Wavelength (nm) | Mode of operation | Power density (mW/cm2) | Device | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brain injury | Traumatic brain injury | 12 | Several regions* (75%) | 629–633 (42%); | Continuous (42%) | 6.4–100 (75%) | Helmet/MedX Health Model 1100 |
Traumatic brain injury with depression | 2 | PFC and temporal region (100%) | 810 (100%) | Continuous and pulsed 10 Hz (100%) | NR (100%) | LiteCure® LT1000 | |
Stroke | 4 | Several regions* (100%) | 808 (75%) | NR (75%); continuous and pulsed 146 Hz (25%) | NR (75%); 22.2 (25%) | NeuroThera® Laser System | |
Degenerative | Alzheimer’s disease | 8 | Several regions* (100%) | 810 (63%) | Pulsed 10 Hz (50%) | 23.1–354 (100%) | Helmet/localized helmet |
Dementia | 4 | Several regions (100%) | 810 (75%) | Pulsed 10 Hz (50%); NR (50%) | 14.2–41 (100%) | – | |
Parkinson’s disease | 6 | Several regions* (67%) | 810 (33%); 904 (33%) | Pulsed 50 Hz (33%) | 6–100 (50%); NR (50%) | – | |
Mental | Anxiety | 1 | PFC and ventrolateral PFC (100%) | 830 (100%) | Continuous (100%) | 30 (100%) | LED not described |
Bipolar disorder | 1 | PFC (100%) | 1064 (100%) | Continuous (100%) | 250 (100%) | CytonPro | |
Depression | 4 | PFC (100%) | 808–830 (75%) | Continuous (100%) | 33.2–700 (100%) | – | |
Fear | 2 | PFC (100%) | 1064 (100%) | Continuous (100%) | 250 (100%) | Model CG-5000 laser | |
Anxiety and depression | 2 | PFC (100%) | 810 (50%); 945 (50%) | Continuous (50%); NR (50%) | 250 (50%); NR (50%) | – | |
Autism | 3 | Several regions* (67%) | 810 (67%) | Pulsed 10 Hz (33%); pulsed 40 Hz (33%) | 100 (transcranial); 75 (anterior transcranial); 25 (intranasal) (67%) | Vielight® neuro alpha/gamma | |
Schizophrenia | 1 | Several points (100%) | 630 and 810 (100%) | Pulsed 75 Hz 20%DC (100%) | 800 (100%) | Laser helmet | |
ADHD | 1 | PFC (100%) | 660 and 905 (100%) | Superpulsed (100%) | NR (100%) | Theralase® TLC-2000 CLT | |
Physiological | Motor performance | 1 | Motor cortex (100%) | 808 (100%) | Continuous (100%) | 200 (100%) | Laser not described |
Physiological characterisation | 21 | PFC (mostly right side) (71%) | 808–850 (48%); 1064 (43%) | Continuous (71%) | 250–285 (43%) | Model CG-5000 laser | |
Cognitive function | 18 | PFC (mostly right side) (83%) | 1064 (50%); 800–850 (44%) | Continuous (72%) | 250 (44%) | Model CG-5000 laser | |
Blood conditions | 1 | Intranasal (100%) | 650 (100%) | NR (100%) | 8.38 (100%) | BLOODCARE medical laser device | |
Other | PTSD (Gulf War illness) | 6 | Several points* (100%) | 810–850 (67%) | continuous (67%) | 4–100 (100%) | – |
Severe disorder of consciousness | 1 | Upper edge of two fossa sphenoidalis (100%) | 785 (100%) | NR (100%) | 10 (100%) | Power twin 21 | |
Sexual dysfunction | 1 | Dorsolateral PFC (100%) | 823 (100%) | NR (100%) | 36.2 (100%) | Omnilux new U device | |
Drug abuse | 3 | Dorsolateral PFC (100%) | 810 (100%) | NR (67%); pulsed 10 Hz (33%) | 250 (100%) | LED not described | |
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency | 1 | Back of neck (100%) | 810–830 (100%) | Pulsed 6 kHz (100%) | NR (100%) | CTL-1100 low power laser |