Concurrent neuromechanical and functional gains following upper-extremity power training post-stroke

Table 2 Clinical results: post-intervention and retention effects

Intervention effects
Measure	FTP	HYBRID	E.S.
Primary Outcome
Wolf Motor Function Test (FAS, Range 0-5 pts)	0.10	0.24	0.50	*
	(SE 0.05)	(SE 0.05)
Secondary Outcomes
UE Fugl-Meyer Motor Score (66 pts)	2.94	2.89	0.2	n.s.
MID ≥5	(SE 0.72)	(SE 0.79)
Fugl-Meyer Shoulder-Elbow Score (30 pts)	1.83	0.79	0.87	n.s.
MID ≥3	(SE 0.40)	(SE 0.38)
Ashworth Scale (shoulder + elbow, 8 pts)	-0.16	-0.11	0.07	n.s.
MID ≥1	(SE 0.24)	(SE 0.24)
Functional Independence Measure (91 pts)	0.67	2.21	0.81	*
MID ≥2	(SE 0.63)	(SE 0.61)
Retention Effects (6-*month Follow Up)*			E.S.
Measure
Primary Outcome
Wolf Motor Function Test (FAS, Range 0-5 pts)	0.10		0.65	*
	(SE 0.05)
Secondary Outcomes
UE Fugl-Meyer Motor Score (66 pts)	7.2		3.09	*
MID ≥5	(SE 1.55)
Fugl-Meyer Shoulder-Elbow Score (30 pts)	2.82		2.35	*
MID ≥3	(SE 0.51)
Ashworth Scale (shoulder + elbow, 8 pts)	-0.21		0.28	n.s.
MID ≥1	(SE 0.24)
Functional Independence Measure (91 pts)	3.6		1.89	*
MID ≥2	(SE 1.21)

Data are presented as mean (SE) change scores and reflect mean changes due to the treatment specified (i.e, Post-Pre for block involving FTP or HYBRID). Retention effects at 6-month follow up reflect change scores from the follow up period (i.e., 6-months–post-treatment).
Unless otherwise noted, statistical significance was set at p < .05 (denoted as *) and reflects significant differences between treatments. Secondary outcomes were tested for differences in the proportion of participants demonstrating an MID post-treatment. Effect sizes (ES) reflect between-group differences. 6-month follow up data reflect retention and/or advancement of primary treatment effects. Due to the cross-over design effects reflect overall differences relative to baseline.

ISSN: 1743-0003