Figure 1

Experimental task. A) Side view schematic of participant sitting at virtual display unit. Stereoscopic glasses were worn to allow 3-dimensional view of virtual environment (VE). Virtual objects were sent to the projector and reflected off the mirror into the workspace below the glass. Participants began each trial with the right hand on a physical start switch but ended the reach in free space (above the table). The same table, chair, and start switch were used in the analogous real-world task to keep positioning consistent. B) Top down view. Six targets were presented in 2 directions (+45°,-45°) and 3 distances (8, 16, 24 cm). The start switch (open square) aligned with the sternum. The same target locations and physical set up were used in the analogous real-world task. C) View of VE. At the start of each trial, participants aligned the Cursor (white sphere which corresponded to finger position) with a Home position (blue sphere). Both the Cursor and the Home position disappeared when the Target appeared (red sphere) eliminating visual feedback while moving.