Inclusion | Exclusion |
---|---|
Adults between 18 and 60 years old (bone maturity). | DDD > 1 symptomatic vertebral level |
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) between L1 and S1. | Vertebral end-plates smaller than 34.5 mm in the media-lateral plan and/or 27 mm in the antero-posterior plan. |
DDD certified by: | Allergy to : |
▪ Low back pain and/or leg pain (radiculopathy) and | ▪ Titanium |
▪ Polyethylene | |
▪ CT scan, MRI, discography, radiology, myelography and/or flexion/extension radiographs with at least one of the following: | ▪ Cobalt |
▪ Chrome | |
▪ Molybdenum | |
- Instability ( ≥ 3 mm translation or ≥ 5° degrees); | Past vertebral surgery (thoracic or lumbar) ▪ Fusion |
- Loss of disc high > 2 mm | ▪ Bilateral spinal or unilateral vertebral decompression where > 50 % of the facet was removed |
- Thickness/scar of the annulus pulposus | |
- Herniated nucleus pulposus; or | ▪ Facet fracture |
- Vacuum phenomenon | |
Oswestry disability index ≥ 40 (20/50) | Trauma (past or present) to the vertebral end-plates. |
VAS ≥ 40/100 | Pregnancy |
Failure to improve with a trial of nonsurgical management (physical therapy, medications and epidural injection). |