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Table 2 Criterion classification methods used to assess inertial-sensor-based fall risk measures

From: Review of fall risk assessment in geriatric populations using inertial sensors

 

Retrospective history

Prospective occurrence

Assessment tools

Auvinet et al., 2003 [39]

1 year

-

-

Bautmans et al., 2011 [40]

6 months

-

TUG >15 s or Tinetti score ≤24

Caby et al., 2011 [41]

1 year

-

25 m walking, Mini Motor test, Tinetti test, TUG, Physical Performance Scale, Fukuda test, One Legged Stance test

Cho and Kamen 1998 [18]

1 year

-

Self-reported frequent fallers

Doheny et al., 2011 [42]

5 years

-

Self-reported fear of falling or presence of cardiovascular risk factors

Doheny et al., 2012 [43]

5 years

-

-

Doi et al., 2013 [44]

-

1 year (reported weekly)

-

Ganea et al., 2011 [45]

-

-

Fried’s criteria for frailty

Giansanti et al., 2006, 2008 [46–48]

Unspecified

-

Tinetti test level 3

Gietzelt et al., 2009 [49]

-

-

STRATIFY score (includes 2 month fall history) ≥2

Greene et al., 2010, 2012 [50, 51]

5 years

-

-

Ishigaki et al., 2011 [52]

-

-

One Legged Stance test (eyes open) ≤15 s and/or TUG ≥11 s

Kojima et al., 2008 [53]

1 year

-

-

Laessoe et al., 2007 [54]

-

1 year (fall diary with contact at 6 months)

-

Latt et al., 2009 [55]

1 year

-

-

Liu et al., 2008 [56]

Unspecified

-

Falling during gait perturbation assessment, medical history, self-identification as frequent faller

Liu et al., 2011 [57]

-

-

PPA

Liu et al., 2011 [58]

1 year

-

-

Marschollek et al., 2008 [59]

-

-

TUG > 20 s, STRATIFY score >2, Barthel Index: Mobility score <10

Marschollek et al., 2009 [60]

In-hospital history

-

-

Marschollek et al., 2011 [61, 62]

-

1 year

-

Martinez-Ramirez et al., 2011 [63]

-

-

Body mass loss ≥4.5 kg, low energy, low physical activity, weakness, slowness

Menz et al., 2003 [64]

-

-

Overall fall risk score (low, moderate, high risk) based on vision, peripheral sensation, strength, reaction time, balance tests

Moe-Nilssen et al., 2005 [65]

1 year

-

-

Najafi et al., 2002 [17]

-

-

Fall risk score ≥5 based on balance, gait, visual, cognitive and depressive disorders, history of falls.

Narayanan et al., 2008, 2009, 2010 [66–68]

-

-

PPA

O’Sullivan et al., 2009 [1]

1 year

-

-

Paterson et al., 2011 [69]

-

1 year (reported monthly)

-

Redmond et al., 2010 [70]

-

-

PPA

Schwesig et al., 2012 [71]

-

1 year (recorded by caregivers)

-

Senden et al., 2012 [72]

-

-

Tinetti test ≤24 (Low risk 19-24, High risk <19)

Toebes et al., 2012 [73]

1 year

-

-

Weiss et al., 2011 [74]

1 year

-

-

Yack and Berger [75]

1 year

-

Self report of unsteady or unstable walking and/or standing

  1. Assessment tool thresholds indicate a high fall risk category.