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Table 1 Comparison of adapted gait variables (mean and ± SD) between amputees and controls

From: Understanding adaptive gait in lower-limb amputees: insights from multivariate analyses

  

High

Med

Low

Grp diff (p value)

toeC

Amputees

63(25)

73(21)

77(22)

 
 

Controls

117(27)

130(28)

123(31)

0.0002*

lead-1

Amputees

−788(128)

−755(172)

−784(132)

 
 

Controls

−956(91)

−929(139)

−907(175)

0.008

trail-1

Amputees

−194(82)

−212(101)

−197(84)

 
 

Controls

−237(73)

−249(67)

−247(78)

0.23

lead + 1

Amputees

198(46)

192(62)

195(52)

 
 

Controls

263(77)

261(81)

242(73)

0.06

heelC

Amputees

44(28)

47(28)

62(27)

 
 

Controls

61(27)

73(23)

66(17)

0.15*g-h

toeP-maxE

Amputees

246(133)

260(181)

290(222)

 
 

Controls

73.7(166.4)

116.5(162.5)

269.5(183.9)

0.14^g-h

kneeF

Amputees

14(8)

14(9)

13(9)

 
 

Controls

20(7)

21(6)

21(5)

0.03

vel-appr

Amputees

0.97(0.11)

0.97(0.14)

1.0(0.11)

 
 

Controls

1.14(0.16)

1.18(0.14)

1.21(0.17)

0.001

  1. All variables are measured in mm accept ‘kneeF’ which is degrees and ‘walking speed’ which is m/s.
  2. ‘Grp diff’ indicates group main effects determined by ANOVA. Significant obstacle height effects are indicated by *(p < 0.05) or ^(p < 0.001). Group-by-obstacle height interactions are indicated by g-h (p < 0.05).