Effect of diabetic neuropathy severity classified by a fuzzy model in muscle dynamics during gait

Table 2 EMG temporal and relative magnitude variables (mag) for vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM)

		Control (n = 30)	Diabetes no-neuropathy (n = 43)	Mild neuropathy (n = 30)	Moderate neuropathy (n = 16)	Severe neuropathy (n = 28)	p
VL	Time to peak (% stance)	9.7 ± 3.2*	12.1 ± 2.3*^§	11.0 ± 3.3	9.7 ± 2.5^§	13.5 ± 3.6^a	< 0.001 ¹
VL	Mag (VL1/VL2)	8.3 ± 4.0^b	11.0 ± 6.5	13.6 ± 10.0*	6.8 ± 3.1^c	17.1 ± 15.6*	0.014 ²
TA	Time to peak (% stance)	3.7 ± 2.0	4.2 ± 2.4	3.6 ± 2.1	2.2 ± 2.0	3.3 ± 2.6	0.055¹
	Mag (TA1/TA2)	60.9 ± 55.5^d	21.3 ± 12.8	24,7 ± 15.7	22.7 ± 20.6	33.4 ± 31.0	0.043 ²
	Onset at push off (% stance)	90.4 ± 6.1†	72.7 ± 10.8*	79.4 ± 12.5*	76.7 ± 10.5	68.8 ± 4.9^a	< 0.001 ²
	Mag at push off (TA3/TA2)	6.0 ± 2.7*	8.1 ± 2.7*	7.1 ± 2.8	7.6 ± 2.0	7.1 ± 2.2	0.014 ¹
GM	Time to peak (% stance)	60.0 ± 6.4	60.5 ± 5.1	61.3 ± 3.9	59.3 ± 4.3	64.0 ± 5.6^e	0.015 ¹
	Mag (GM1/GM2)	52.8 ± 48.8	33.7 ± 24.0	37.9 ± 24.5	19.2 ± 13.5^f	16.0 ± 13.4^f	< 0.001 ²
	Onset (% stance)	40.4 ± 5.4	37.3 ± 5.4	38.7 ± 8.5	34.8 ± 9.2	38.1 ± 6.1	0.089¹

¹ANOVA; ²Kruskal-Wallis test;
*, § statistically significant difference between groups; † statistically different group; ^astatistically different from control, and mild and moderate neuropathy; ^bstatistically different from mild and severe neuropathy; ^cstatistically different from diabetes, and mild and severe neuropathy; ^dstatistically different from diabetes, and mild and moderate neuropathy; ^estatistically different from control, diabetes and moderate neuropathy; ^fstatistically different from control, diabetes and mild neuropathy.

ISSN: 1743-0003