Table 2 Biomechanical variable definitions

Hip-max

Maximum hip angle (before foot-strike).

Positive = flexion

Hip-FS

Hip angle at foot-strike.

Hip-MS

Hip angle at mid-stance.

Hip-TO

Hip angle at toe-off.

Knee-FS

Knee angle at foot-strike.

Positive = flexion

Knee-MS

Knee angle at mid-stance.

Knee-TO

Knee angle at toe-off.

Ankle-FS

Ankle angle at foot-strike.

Positive = dorsiflexion

Ankle-TO

Ankle angle at toe-off.

PR

Mean range of pelvis rotation in the transverse plane for each gait cycle.

Scalar

FA

Foot advance; sagittal plane distance between the heel and COM at foot contact, relative to mean leg length.

Scalar

DROP

Vertical displacement of COM from foot contact to mid-stance, relative to mean leg length.

Scalar

RISE

Vertical displacement of COM from mid-stance to toe-off, relative to mean leg length.

Scalar

SR

Step rate.

Steps per min