Table 1 Definitions of the outcome measures collected from the clinical measurements of spasticity

Range of motion deficit (DROM) for DAROM tests: T1, T2, T3, T4

DROM I

Range of motion deficit following a slow velocity stretch (V₁); expressed in degrees.

DROM II

Range of motion deficit after a fast velocity stretch (V₃); expressed in degrees.

ASO

Value was calculated as the difference between the DROM II and DROM I; expressed in degrees.

Outcome measures collected from the pendulum test: T5

Ex

First swing excursion. Defined as the difference between the starting angle (the position at which the examiner released the participant’s heel) and the first angle of reversal of the swinging limb; expressed in degrees.

RI

Relaxation index. Calculated as follows: (starting angle – first angle)/(starting angle – resting angle), where the resting angle was the knee joint position maintained after oscillatory movement had ceased; expressed in degrees.

β

Damping ratio. Defined as the ratio of the logarithmic decrement (δ) to the period; expressed in sec.

λ

Defined as the natural log of the second to fourth peak amplitude ratio of the function φ (t).

t

Duration of oscillations. Calculated as the duration of the pendulum swings (in seconds) from the time of lower limb release to the end of the final oscillation; expressed in sec.

n

Determined by counting the number of sinusoidal waves produced by the swinging limb after the heel was released. The criterion for each oscillation was a flexion and extension wave with a minimum displacement toward the extension of a minimum of 3 degrees; number of oscillations.