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Table 1 Characteristics, physical activity, sedentary time and self-reported physical activity

From: Inactive and sedentary lifestyles amongst ambulatory adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy

 

CP

Able-bodied4

   

GMFCS level7

CP distribution8

Characteristics

  

Mean dif.5

p6

95% CI

I

II

III

Unilateral

Bilateral

  Number of participants

48

32

   

29

15

4

27

21

  Age, mean (SD)

20 (3)

22 (5)

 

0.1

 

19 (2)

21 (3)

19 (2)

19 (2)

21 (3)

  Gender, number of  males/females

23/25

18/14

 

0.5

 

13/16

8/7

2/2

11/16

12/9

Physical activity mean (SD)

          

% Physical activities1

8.6 (3.0)

12.0 (3.9)

-3.4

<0.01*

-5.2 – -2.1

9.2 (3.2)

8.3 (2.4)

5.1 (1.0)

8.8 (2.9)

8.2 (3.2)

 % Walking

4.3 (2.3)

8.5 (3.5)

-4.2

<0.01*

-5.6 – -3.0

4.9 (2.3)

4.0 (2.0)

1.5 (1.4)

4.7 (2.2)

3.8 (2.5)

 % Running

0 (0.1)

0.1 (0.5)

-0.08

0.18

-0.3 – 0.1

0 (0.1)

0 (0)

0.1 (0.1)

0 (0.1)

0 (0.1)

 % Cycling

1.1 (1.2)

1.4 (1.8)

-0.3

0.10

-1.2 – 0.1

1.2 (1.2)

0.9 (1.1)

0.9 (1.4)

1.2 (1.2)

0.9 (1.1)

 % Non-cyclic movement

3.2 (1.7)

1.8 (1.1)

1.4

<0.01*

0.7 – 2.1

3.2 (1.7)

3.4 (1.9)

2.6 (1.7)

2.9 (1.6)

3.5 (1.9)

Motility physical activities (g)2

43.9 (8.1)

    

45.5 (5.5)

41.9 (11.0)

40.3 (10.2)

45.8 (5.7)

41.5 (9.9)

Motility walking (g)2

52.6 (8.9)

    

52.9 (6.9)

52.1 (9.5)

52.3 (16.3)

53.8 (7.5)

50.9 (9.9)

 0-10 sec walking bouts

124.6 (45.4)

    

137.0 (41.1)

117.0 (41.9)

63.6 (40.1)

132.0 (39.9)

115.2 (51.0)

 10-60 sec walking bouts

88.8 (48.3)

    

100.8 (50.1)

79.5 (37.5)

36.2 (32.8)

96.1 (45.2)

79.4 (51.6)

 1-10 min walking bouts

7.1 (6.0)

    

7.7 (5.8)

7.7 (6.3)

0.8 (1.5)

7.5 (4.9)

6.6 (7.2)

 10-30 min walking bouts

0.1 (0.3)

    

0.1 (0.3)

0.1 (0.3)

0

0.1 (0.3)

0.02 (0.1)

 >30 min walking bouts

0

    

0

0

0

0

0

Sedentary time mean (SD)

          

% Sedentary time  (sitting + lying)3

79.5 (7.1)

74.0 (7.5)

5.5

<0.01*

1.6 – 8.3

77.9 (7.0)

80.6 (5.8)

87.4 (7.6)

78.7 (6.8)

80.6 (7.5)

% Sitting

36.8 (8.1)

36.7 (7.0)

0.1

0.79

-3.1 – 4.1

36.6 (7.6)

35.7 (8.8)

42.3 (8.0)

36.9 (8.6)

36.7 (7.5)

 0-10 sec sitting bouts

18.0 (12.2)

    

15.6 (7.8)

22.0 (17.4)

19.8 (15.2)

14.8 (7.4)

22.0 (15.8)

 10-60 sec sitting bouts

34.7 (19.3)

    

31.7 (14.7)

38.5 (22.8)

41.7 (33.9)

29.6 (15.0)

41.2 (22.7)

 1-10 min sitting bouts

40.2 (19.2)

    

39.7 (18.2)

40.0 (18.2)

44.5 (33.6)

38.1 (18.3)

42.9 (20.4)

 10-30 min sitting bouts

11.4 (3.3)

    

11.8 (3.0)

10.9 (3.3)

10.4 (6.0)

11.8 (3.2)

10.9 (3.5)

 >30 min sitting bouts

3.5 (1.9)

    

3.3 (1.9)

3.3 (1.5)

5.0 (3.0)

3.5 (2.0)

3.4 (1.9)

% Standing

11.9 (5.4)

13.2 (5.3)

-1.3

0.54

-3.2 – 1.7

12.9 (5.3)

11.1 (4.9)

7.6 (6.7)

12.5 (5.5)

11.2 (5.4)

Self-reported physical activity

          

PASIPD (MET-hr/day), mean (SD)

13.0 (8.6)

    

15.3 (9.5)

9.8 (6.0)

7.8 (2.4)

14.6 (8.5)

10.9 (8.5)

  1. 1Physical activities is total duration of walking, running, cycling, and non-cyclic movement, as a % of 24 hours.
  2. 2g = gravitational forces*100.
  3. 3Sedentary time is total duration of lying and sitting, as % of 24 hours.
  4. 4Note that data on motility, bouts and self-reported physical activity were not available for able-bodied controls.
  5. 5Mean difference between all participants with CP and able-bodied persons.
  6. 6Difference in characteristics between all persons with CP and able-bodied persons was tested. Difference in physical activity and sedentary time was analysed with regression analyses correcting for age and gender.
  7. 7Corrected for age and gender, no significant differences were found in physical behaviour between participants with GMFCS level I and II (p > 0.05). Differences with the subgroup GMFCS level III were not assessed because sample size was limited.
  8. 8Corrected for age and gender, participants with bilateral CP had significantly higher number of sitting bouts 0–10 sec (p = 0.04) and 10–60 sec (p = 0.02) compared to unilateral CP. No other significant differences were found in physical behaviour between participants with bilateral and unilateral CP (p > 0.05).
  9. *indicates significant difference p < 0.05.
  10. GMFCS = Gross Motor Functioning Classification System.
  11. PASIPD = Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities.
  12. CI = confidence interval.
  13. Mean dif. = mean difference.
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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 1743-0003

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