Increasing motivation in robot-aided arm rehabilitation with competitive and cooperative gameplay

Table 5 Results for all 8 impaired subjects

		Pair 1		Pair 2		Pair 3		Pair 4
	Subject	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
	Won single-player?	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
	Won competitive?	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Postgame questionnaire	Favorite mode	Comp	Comp	Coop	Comp	Comp	Coop	SP	SP
	Least favorite mode	SP	SP	SP	Coop	Coop	SP	Coop	Comp
	Most effort	Coop	Coop	Comp	Comp	Comp	Coop	SP	SP
	Least effort	Comp	SP	SP	SP	Coop	SP	Comp	Comp
	Most competent	Coop	Coop	SP	Coop	Comp	Coop	SP	SP
	Least competent	SP	SP	Comp	Comp	Coop	SP	Comp	Comp
	Most stressful	SP	SP	Coop	Comp	Coop	SP	SP	Comp
	Least stressful	Coop	Comp	SP	SP	SP	Coop	Coop	SP
Intrinsic Motivation Inventory	Enjoyment SP	21	25	16	26	30	14	35	26
	Enjoyment Comp	24	26	17	29	31	19	29	20
	Enjoyment Coop	24	26	16	25	32	19	33	20
	Competence SP	17	21	27	19	30	15	33	18
	Competence Comp	24	19	27	23	30	16	19	14
	Competence Coop	26	23	27	23	30	16	32	15
	Effort SP	18	16	15	28	32	26	29	18
	Effort Comp	24	20	17	32	32	27	25	22
	Effort Coop	26	21	10	26	32	28	27	18
	Pressure SP	18	21	7	21	12	22	6	20
	Pressure Comp	16	13	9	21	11	19	11	22
	Pressure Coop	16	21	6	14	11	19	7	17
Personality	Extraversion	37	N/A	31	35	23	18	38	23
	Agreeableness	29		36	42	28	39	40	44
	Conscientiousness	24		34	28	39	36	47	27
	Emotional stability	29		36	27	35	25	45	14
	Intellect/Imagination	30		37	43	35	38	41	34
	Competitiveness	33		31	32	44	21	45	12

Results are divided into results of the postgame questionnaire, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, and the personality questionnaire. Abbreviations: SP single-player mode, comp competitive mode, coop cooperative mode. IMI scale names (interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, effort/importance and pressure/tension) are also abbreviated.

ISSN: 1743-0003