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Table 2 Univariate and multiple logistic regression models showing the association between a) the highest tertile of TUG delta time*, b) the highest tertile of pTUG and c) the highest tertile of iTUG (dependent variables) and cognitive status (independent variable) adjusted for participants' characteristics (n = 66)

From: Motor imagery of gait: a new way to detect mild cognitive impairment?

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

a) TUG delta time

CHI

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

   

MCI

8.5

[1.6;44.8]

0.012

8.6

[1.4;51.8]

0.019

6.8

[1.1;45.3]

0.047

5.9

[1.5;23.6]

0.012

Mild-to-moderate ADRD

8.3

[1.4;49.6]

0.021

2.8

[0.3;29.8]

0.394

0.4

[0.0;13.4]

0.594

-

-

-

Age

   

1.1

[1.0;1.3]

0.190

1.1

[1.0;1.3]

0.117

-

-

-

Female gender

   

1.4

[0.3;5.9]

0.635

1.3

[0.3;6.1]

0.769

-

-

-

MMSE

      

0.8

[0.6;1.1]

0.136

0.8

[0.6;0.9]

0.009

b) pTUG

CHI

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

   

MCI

0.5

[0.1;2.1]

0.305

0.7

[0.7;2.1]

0.260

0.2

[0.0;1.4]

0.104

-

-

-

Mild-to-moderate ADRD

5.4

[1.3;22.6]

0.021

1.3

[0.2;10.4]

0.807

0.1

[0.0;3.0]

0.188

-

-

-

Age

   

0.8

[1.0;1.3]

0.0.75

1.2

[1.0;1.4]

0.055

-

-

-

Female gender

   

1.5

[0.3;6.8]

0.611

1.2

[0.2;6.1]

0.804

-

-

-

MMSE

      

0.7

[0.5;1.0]

0.049

0.7

[0.6;0.9]

0.002

c) iTUG

CHI

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

1.00 (Ref)

   

MCI

3.5

[1.0;12.5]

0.056

4.1

[0.9;18.3]

0.060

4.1

[0.8;20.3]

0.086

4.4

[1.4;14.3]

0.013

Mild-to-moderate ADRD

0.6

[0.1;3.8]

0.617

0.9

[0.1;9.1]

0.900

0.3

[0.0;12.0]

0.541

-

-

-

Age

   

0.7

[0.9;1.1]

0.973

1.0

[0.9;1.1]

0.984

-

-

-

Female gender

   

1.3

[0.3;5.1]

0.718

1.4

[0.3;6.0]

0.646

-

-

-

MMSE

      

0.9

[0.6;1.2]

0.497

-

-

-

  1. CHI: Cognitively healthy individual.
  2. MCI: Mild cognitive impairment.
  3. ADRD: Alzheimer disease and related disorders.
  4. MMSE: Mini-Mental status examination.
  5. TUG: Timed Up & Go test.
  6. pTUG: performed TUG
  7. iTUG: imagined TUG
  8. OR: odds ratio.
  9. CI: confidence interval.
  10. n: number of participants.
  11. Model 1: Unadjusted model.
  12. Model 2: Adjusted on age and gender.
  13. Model 3: Adjusted on all participants' characteristics.
  14. Model 4: Stepwise backward model.
  15. *: Calculated from the formula: delta time = [(pTUG–iTUG)/(pTUG + iTUG)/2] x100 with pTUG = performed TUG, and iTUG = imagined TUG.
  16. : CHI used as reference level.
  17. P-value significant (<0.05) indicated in bold.