Table 2 Normalized RMS SEMG amplitudes, kinematics, and differences
From: Age and gender related neuromuscular changes in trunk flexion-extension
| Â | <40 (n:24) | >60 (n:25) | Men (n:24) | Women (n:25) | Age | Gender | Age x gender | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | RSS | p-value | Â | RSS | p-value | Â | RSS | p-value | Â | |
RMS SEMG amplitude (in percent): | |||||||||||||||||
standing/80% MVC | 29.62 | 24.38 | 36.24 | 22.96 | 34.30 | 22.22 | 31.75 | 25.36 | 127.7 | 0.4296 | ns | 446.6 | 0.2444 | ns | 688.3 | 0.2776 | ns |
half/80% MVC | 61.10 | 38.47 | 53.41 | 24.94 | 62.39 | 27.75 | 52.17 | 35.77 | 1151.1 | 0.2078 | ns | 1836.2 | 0.1747 | ns | 2983.5 | 0.0669 | ns |
max flexion/80% MVC | 35.73 | 35.79 | 50.35 | 29.84 | 47.26 | 37.58 | 39.28 | 29.00 | 1560.8 | 0.1851 | ns | 1640.1 | 0.0985 | ns | 5656.1 | 0.0140 | * |
Relative EMG changes (in percent): | |||||||||||||||||
standing - half | 31.48 | 22.70 | 17.16 | 17.60 | 28.08 | 15.66 | 20.42 | 25.37 | 2045.6 | 0.0166 | * | 471.7 | 0.3136 | ns | 805.3 | 0.1506 | ns |
standing - max flexion | 06.11 | 23.37 | 14.10 | 17.97 | 12.96 | 22.34 | 07.53 | 19.63 | 795.68 | 0.1460 | ns | 370.3 | 0.3004 | ns | 2398.3 | 0.0168 | * |
half - max flexion | 25.37 | 29.03 | 03.06 | 09.99 | 15.13 | 20.05 | 12.90 | 27.81 | 5392.8 | 0.0002 | * | 6.1 | 0.8431 | ns | 424.1 | 0.4013 | ns |
Half Flexion Relaxation Ratio (HFR)†: | |||||||||||||||||
half/max flexion | 02.85 | 01.98 | 01.18 | 00.30 | 02.41 | 02.06 | 01.60 | 00.93 | 32.9 | <0.001 | * | 7.3 | 0.0279 | * | 13.1 | 0.0020 | * |
Range of Motion (in degrees): | |||||||||||||||||
hip (standing - max flexion) | 54.89 | 09.93 | 59.99 | 13.98 | 53.69 | 13.04 | 61.15 | 10.58 | 278.6 | 0.1560 | ns | 627.5 | 0.0358 | * | 399.8 | 0.0908 | ns |
lumbar (standing - max flexion) | 55.11 | 08.83 | 39.55 | 10.92 | 46.07 | 15.37 | 48.23 | 09.42 | 3145.9 | <0.001 | * | 43.0 | 0.5341 | ns | 613.3 | 0.0140 | * |
gross trunk (standing - max flexion) | 110.01 | 10.76 | 99.54 | 21.85 | 99.76 | 21.13 | 109.38 | 13.00 | 1552.0 | 0.0066 | * | 999.2 | 0.0298 | * | 2003.4 | 0.0106 | * |
hip (standing - half) | 27.27 | 08.89 | 30.34 | 08.28 | 27.70 | 08.71 | 29.91 | 08.61 | 113.5 | 0.2983 | ns | 58.8 | 0.6604 | ns | 2.1 | 0.9412 | ns |
lumbar (standing - half) | 25.33 | 14.87 | 25.12 | 10.43 | 24.68 | 11.49 | 25.77 | 14.04 | 0.5 | 0.9412 | ns | 14.3 | 0.8235 | ns | 434.9 | 0.1938 | ns |
gross trunk (standing - half) | 52.59 | 11.95 | 55.46 | 12.79 | 52.37 | 11.40 | 55.68 | 13.23 | 98.3 | 0.8431 | ns | 131.0 | 0.4737 | ns | 498.1 | 0.3875 | ns |
% hip of gross trunk (standing - max flexion) | 54.80 | 22.92 | 55.50 | 12.34 | 54.16 | 17.11 | 56.14 | 19.57 | 5.8 | 0.8824 | ns | 47.1 | 0.9216 | ns | 450.1 | 0.2903 | ns |
% lumbar of gross trunk (standing - max flexion) | 45.20 | 22.92 | 44.50 | 12.34 | 45.84 | 17.11 | 43.86 | 19.57 | 5.8 | 0.7843 | ns | 47.1 | 0.6154 | ns | 450.1 | 0.5333 | ns |