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Table 3 F test and P-value of ANCOVA with a repeated measures (n = 98) design comparing coefficient of variation of stride time while walking at self-selected speed with and without backward counting, adjusted for walking speed (covariate) and subject effect (n = 49).

From: Stride-to-stride variability while backward counting among healthy young adults

Source of variation

Sum of square

df||

Mean square

F

P-value

Backward counting*

0.060

1

0.0601

0.97

0.330 †

Subjects‡

12.751

48

0.2656

4.28

0.000

Log (Stride velocity) §

0.464

1

0.4636

7.47

0.009

Residual

2.915

47

0.0620

  

Total

17.201

97

0.1773

  
  1. *: Backward counting coded as a binary variable (0 = walking alone, 1 = walking with backward counting), †: Box conservative estimate, ‡: Variability between subjects §: Normalized by taking the logarithmic transformation, ||: Degree of freedom