From: Co-activation: its association with weakness and specific neurological pathology
Diagnostic groups | Mean (SD) (95% CI difference) predicted strength: quadriceps (%) | Mean (SD) (95% CI mean difference) predicted strength: hamstrings (%) | Mean (SD) (95% CI mean difference) isometric co-activation (%) | Mean (SD) (95% CI mean difference) co-activation during STS (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle disease (n = 17) | 50.6 (30.1) ** 36.9 to 88.7 | 55.9 (42.7) ** 32.7 to 85.4 | 17.4 (15.2) -1.2 to 15.1 â—Š | 22.3 (23.4) -18.5 to 7.9 â—Š |
LMN (sensory loss) (n = 18) | 87.4 (27.5) -45.3 to 0.6 | 61.4 (22.4) ** 31.4 to 66.2 | 7.3 (5.1) -6.9 to 0.6 â—Š | 15.7 (11.0) -14.2 to 1.5 |
LMN (sensory intact) (n = 12) | 53.4 (38.0) ** 21.5 to 78.3 | 55.6 (20.5) * 30.2 to 70.5 | 12.7 (10.9) -5.3 to 9.2 ◊ | 16.3 (10.6) Δ -12.8 to 6.5 |
UMN (n = 12) | 67.2 (30.7) ** 12.1 to 65.4 | 55.9 (33.5) ** 19.4 to 67.1 | 9.4 (9.3) -7.7 to 2.9 â—Š | 24.7 (16.5) -7.5 to 13.6 â—Š |
Extra-pyramidal lesion (n = 15) | 81.3 (36.4) -48.8 to 11.6 | 65.7 (30.6) * 13.9 to 57.0 | 6.7 (4.3) ** -11.2 to -3.9 | 14.7 (13.3) * -17.9 to 0.9 â—Š |
Control subjects (n = 32) | 102.4 (37.0) | 103.2 (30.1) | 11.8 (6.2) | 20.5 (12.9) |