Table 5 Stance RMS EMG for therapist-controlled and patient-controlled orthoses by speed. Mean ± standard error and statistical results for the normalized average root mean square muscle activation calculated from the stance phase electromyography records for: tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and medial hamstrings (MH). Two subjects with partial paralysis walked with orthoses powered under pushbutton control by a therapist (TC) and with orthoses powered under pushbutton control by the patient him/herself (PC) at 0.36 m/s, 0.54 m/s, 0.72 m/s and 0.89 m/s. Stance phase root mean square EMG was normalized to the without condition at 0.54 m/s for each muscle.

TA

0.0090 *

P = 0.83

PC > TC

0.61 ± 0.16

0.89 ± 0.54

0.71 ± 0.32

1.01 ± 0.58

0.76 ± 0.27

1.08 ± 0.41

0.66 ± 0.14

1.04 ± 0.45

SOL

0.4801

P = 0.10

0.85 ± 0.16

0.73 ± 0.33

0.80 ± 0.13

0.78 ± 0.40

0.99 ± 0.16

0.94 ± 0.52

1.13 ± 0.09

1.03 ± 0.49

MG

0.7697

P = 0.06

0.95 ± 0.09

0.92 ± 0.20

0.97 ± 0.01

1.03 ± 0.24

1.17 ± 0.04

1.16 ± 0.35

1.39 ± 0.10

1.26 ± 0.34

LG

0.7072

P = 0.06

0.93 ± 0.21

0.88 ± 0.22

0.95 ± 0.01

1.01 ± 0.28

1.20 ± 0.09

1.21 ± 0.44

1.53 ± 0.21

1.29 ± 0.42

VM

0.2861

P = 0.18

0.86 ± 0.01

0.97 ± 0.07

1.09 ± 0.10

0.77 ± 0.25

1.13 ± 0.07

1.17 ± 0.09

1.22 ± 0.13

1.02 ± 0.00

VL

0.1380

P = 0.31

0.95 ± 0.03

0.89 ± 0.04

0.95 ± 0.03

0.65 ± 0.16

0.98 ± 0.04

1.00 ± 0.16

0.98 ± 0.04

0.91 ± 0.06

RF

0.6351

P = 0.07

0.88 ± 0.06

0.82 ± 0.01

0.94 ± 0.03

0.63 ± 0.18

0.96 ± 0.00

1.12 ± 0.23

0.94 ± 0.05

0.97 ± 0.06

MH

0.3099

P = 0.16

1.01 ± 0.01

1.36 ± 0.35

1.17 ± 0.14

1.18 ± 0.68

1.43 ± 0.34

1.73 ± 0.48

1.48 ± 0.38

1.38 ± 0.31