Table 1 Angle measurement precision evaluated by different indicators based on absolute (mean and standard deviation – SD), root mean square (RMS) and maximum (max.) errors.
From: An instrumented cylinder measuring pinch force and orientation
Theoretical | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angle Tested | 80.00 | 60.00 | 40.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | -20.00 | -40.00 | -60.00 | -80.00 |
Empirical Angles | |||||||||
Mean* (N) | 80.47 | 59.48 | 40.14 | 20.13 | -0.25 | -20.237 | -40.05 | -60.00 | -79.66 |
Mean SD (N) | 0.91 | 1.55 | 1.54 | 1.04 | 1.15 | 1.255 | 0.95 | 0.84 | 0.96 |
Mean Error** (N) | 0.49 | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.32 | 0.54 | 0.654 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
SD Error (N) | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.54 | 0.699 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.16 |
RMS Error (N) | 0.61 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.74 | 0.928 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.41 |
Max Error (N) | 1.25 | 1.21 | 1.52 | 1.30 | 1.87 | 2.130 | 1.02 | 0.72 | 0.66 |