Gait patterns in Prader-Willi and Down syndrome patients

Table 2 Spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters of the study groups.

	PWS GROUP	DS GROUP	Control Group	P-value (PWS vs. DS)
Spatio-temporal parameters
%stance (% gait cycle)	63.88 (9.12)* +	60.95 (3.10)	59.45 (1.45)	0.0034
Anterior step length	0.33 (0.04)*+	0.28 (0.04)*	0.88 (0.21)	0.0087
Cadence (step/min)	111.76 (9.12)+	94.32 (11.24)*	111.80 (4.80)	0.0001
Velocity (1/s)	0.63 (0.10)*+	0.45 (0.08)*	0.78 (0.06)	0.0002
Pelvis (°)
Mean PT	20.86 (8.84)*	18.01 (4.84)*	6.53 (6.97)	0.0859
PO-ROM	8.46 (3.36)*+	6.05 (2.12)	6.01 (2.53)	0.0003
PR-ROM	10.95 (3.61)	9.95 (2.69)	10.72 (5.32)	0.2803
Hip joint (°)
HIC	45.88 (12.82)* +	33.74 (11.46)*	27.23 (9.57)	0.0001
HmSt	1.52 (10.66)*	1.32 (9.20)*	-14.83 (9.60)	0.9242
HFE-ROM	45.37 (5.99)+	32.42 (8.61)*	43.52 (4.76)	0.0001
HAA-ROM	16.89 (3.95)*+	12.58 (4.21)	10.71 (3.06)	0.0001
Knee joint (°)
KIC	8.42 (6.64)* +	2.54 (7.75)	4.06 (6.63)	0.0006
KmSt	-2.58 (5.92)	0.41 (8.09)	0.12 (3.82)	0.0538
KMSw	53.25 (7.61)* +	41.06 (10.68)*	59.01 (6.18)	0.0001
KFE-ROM	55.83 (8.05)*+	43.81 (11.34)*	60.28 (6.31)	0.0001
Ankle joint (°)
AIC	-3.15 (9.24)*	-3.55 (4.88)*	1.81 (6.87)	0.4503
AMSt	14.80 (8.81)* +	11.47 (4.26)*	21.04 (5.16)	0.0303
AmSt	-10.25 (8.79)+	-2.94 (3.91)*	-8.74 (9.40)	0.0002
ADP-ROM	25.16 (3.38)+	14.41 (3.77)*	27.72 (6.56)	0.0001
AMSw	13.77 (9.03)* +	6.15 (4.40)	8.63 (9.93)	0.0003

Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation).
+= p < 0.05, PWS GROUP versus DS GROUP; *= p < 0.05 compared with Control Group.
(ROM: Range Of Motion; PT: Pelvic Tilt; PO: Pelvic Obliquity; HIC: Hip at IC; HFE: Hip Flex-Extension; HAA: Hip Ab-Adduction; KIC: Knee at IC; KFE: Knee Flex-Extension; AIC: Ankle at IC; ADP: Ankle Dorsi-Plantarflexion; IC: Initial Contact; St: Stance; Sw: Swing; M: maximum value; m: minimum value)