Testing the potential of a virtual reality neurorehabilitation system during performance of observation, imagery and imitation of motor actions recorded by wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Table 2 Bilateral group.

Bilateral group [N = 8]	Observation right	Observation left	Imitation right	Imitation left
Left hemisphere (μmol/l ± SD)
Mean Δ[O₂Hb]	0.0924 ± 0.3369	0.0835 ± 0.4589	0.1905 ± 0.5515	0.2712 ± 0.4424
Mean Δ[HHb]	-0.0028 ± 0.1039	-0.0138 ± 0.1923	0.0206 ± 0.1569	0.0297 ± 0.1273
T-test, CI 95%
[O₂Hb] p = value	p = 0.016*	p = 0.046*	p = 0.003*	p < 0.001*
[HHb] p-value	p = 0.807	p = 0.523	p = 0.244	p = 0.040*
ANOVA, post-hoc-tests, Bonferroni 0.05		[HHb] p-value	[O₂Hb] p = value
	O - MI	p = 1.000	p = 1.000
	O - O&MI	p = 1.000	p = 1.000
	O - IM	p = 1.000	p = 0.080
	MI - O&MI	p = 0.868	p = 0.822
	MI - IM	p = 0.393	p = 0.056
	O&MI - IM	p = 1.000	p = 1.000
main effect on condition		p = 0.222	p = 0.028*
Right hemisphere (μmol/l ± SD)
Mean Δ[O₂Hb]	0.1135 ± 0.3607	0.1091 ± 0.4261	0.2004 ± 0.4740	1.1475 ± 2.5449
Mean Δ[HHb]	0.0018 ± 0.1388	0.0037 ± 0.1441	0.0163 ± 0.1325	0.068 ± 0.1773
T-test, CI 95%
[O₂Hb] p = value	p = 0.006*	p = 0.025*	p < 0.001*	p = 0.001*
[HHb] p-value	p = 0.906	p = 0.817	p = 0.275	p = 0.001*
ANOVA, post-hoc-tests, Bonferroni 0.05		[HHb] p-value	[O₂Hb] p = value
	O - MI	p = 1.000	p = 1.000
	O - O&MI	p = 1.000	p = 1.000
	O - IM	p < 0.001*	p < 0.001*
	MI - O&MI	p = 1.000	p = 1.000
	MI - IM	p < 0.001*	p < 0.001*
	O&MI - IM	p < 0.001*	p < 0.001*
main effect on condition		p < 0.001*	p < 0.001*

(Top) Mean signal amplitudes (μmol/l ± SD) of channels with significant concentration changes. Separate calculations for increases in [O2Hb], decreases in [HHb] in response to the four conditions for each group. Numbers were rounded to four decimal places. (Middle) Intra-condition statistical significance of the mean change between [O2Hb]rest and [O2Hb]stim and [HHb]rest and [HHb]stim using the paired t-test; confidence interval (CI) = 95%. (Bottom) Inter-condition statistical significance of mean changes of Δ[O2Hb] and Δ[HHb] between the four conditions using ANOVA. Shown are post-hoc tests (with Bonferroni correction); significant values (p ≤ 0.05) are highlighted by * (observation left = O_L, observation right = O_R, imitation left = IM_L, imitation right = IM_R)

ISSN: 1743-0003