Audio-Biofeedback training for posture and balance in Patients with Parkinson's disease

Table 2 Immediate and long term training effects

Measures	Pre training	Post training	Follow up
Berg Balance test	49.0 ± 7.2 (35-55)	50.4 ± 6.7 (37-55)*	49.6 ± 9.2 (30-55)
Timed Up & Go (sec)	13.2 ± 4.1 (9.4-20.0)	11.7 ± 2.9 (9.2-17.1)	10.8 ± 2.4 (9.0-16.1)*
5 Chair Rise Test (sec)	16.6 ± 3.4 (14.3-21.4)	15.3 ± 1.0 (12.2-16.8)	N/A
UPDRS (part III)	25.3 ± 11.7 (12-48)	24.4 ± 10.6 (12-45)	23.4 ± 10.4 (12-44)
Posture (UPDRS item 28)	2.3 ± 0.6 (1-3)	2.2 ± 0.7 (1-3)	2.2 ± 0.7 (1-3)
Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (%)	73.2 ± 15.4 (49.8-97.5)	73.3 ± 15.9 (49.4-100)	73.7 ± 18.9 (40.9-100)
Geriatric Depression Scale	5.8 ± 5.0 (1-13)	3.8 ± 3.5 (0-10)	6.1 ± 5.3 (0-14)
PDQ-39
Total score	33.4 ± 18.7 (15.1-62.5)	31.7 ± 18.5(12.3-58)	36.8 ± 17.5(16.1-51.6)
Mobility index	41.8 ± 19.9 (12.5-67.5)	40 ± 17.3 (12.5-70)	37.5 ± 14.9 (12.5-50)*
ADL index	48.2 ± 20.4 (20.8-70.8)	46.4 ± 17.6 (20.8-75)	46.6 ± 22.5 (20.8-75)
Cognitive index	39.5 ± 27.6 (6.2-75)	26.8 ± 15.6 (6.2-50)*	33.7 ± 20.5 (6.2-62.5)

Values are average ± SD (range); ABC - Activities-specific Balance Confidence, 0-100%, 100% = best; ADL, Activities of daily living, 0-100 points, 0 = best; BBS, Berg Balance Scale, 0-56 points, 56 = best; 5CR, five chair rise test; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale, 0-15, higher = worst; TUG, Timed up-and-go test; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, higher = worse; Total of the PDQ-39, higher = worst; Domains relevant to the training were also investigated separately. * p < 0.05 (at pre vs. post; at follow up vs. pre).

ISSN: 1743-0003