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Figure 1 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Figure 1

From: Brain-Computer Interface Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Ankle Movement

Figure 1

Integrated BCI-FES system. (A) Block diagram of the integrated BCI-FES system. In response to visual cues, the subject performs actions (idling or dorsifiexion), the underlying EEG data are analyzed by a BCI computer, and instructions are sent to a microcontroller unit (MCU). The MCU controls an FES system that sends feedback to the subject by means of stimulation. (B) Experimental setup showing the subject performing right foot dorsifiexion in response to visual cues displayed on the computer screen. EEG signals underlying this activity are recorded by the EEG cap and sent to the bioamplifier, and then to the BCI computer for analysis. The computer sends commands to a commercial Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved FES device by means of the MCU. The FES device then stimulates the TA muscle of the foot, thereby causing contralateral dorsifiexion. The inset shows the MCU connected to the neuromuscular stimulator and the placement of surface FES electrodes. Also visible is a pair of custom-made electrogoniometers [22], used for measurement of both executed and BCI-FES mediated foot dorsifiexion.

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