Table 1 Gait parameters and descriptors.

Spatio-temporal parameters

% stance (%gait cycle)

% of gait cycle that begins with initial contact and ends at toe-off of the same limb;

Double stance phase (% gait cycle)

% of gait cycle when both feet are on the ground

Mean velocity (1/s)

mean velocity of progression normalised for individual height

Step length

longitudinal distance from one foot strike to the next one, normalized to subject's height

Cadence (step/min)

Number of step for

Kinematics (degrees)

HFE-ROM

the range of motion at hip joint on the sagittal plane during the gait cycle, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot

HAA-ROM

the range of motion at hip joint on the frontal plane (Hip Ab-Adduction graph) during the gait cycle, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot

KIC

value of Knee Flexion-Extension angle (knee position on sagittal plane) at initial contact, representing the position of knee joint at the beginning of gait cycle

KmSt

minimum of knee flexion (knee position on sagittal plane) in mid-stance, representing the extension ability of knee during this phase of gait cycle

KMSw

peak of knee flexion (knee position on sagittal plane) in swing phase, representing the flexion ability of knee joint during this phase of gait cycle

KFE-ROM

the range of motion at knee joint (on the sagittal plane) during the gait cycle, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot

AIC

value of the ankle joint angle (on sagittal plane) at the initial contact, representing the position of knee joint at the beginning of gait cycle

AMSt

peak of ankle dorsiflexion (on sagittal plane) during stance phase, representing the dorsiflexion ability of ankle joint during this phase of gait cycle

AmSt

minimum value of the ankle joint angle (on sagittal plane) in stance phase, representing the plantarflexion ability of ankle joint at toe-off

AMSw

peak of ankle dorsiflexion (on sagittal plane) during swing phase, representing the dorsiflexion ability of ankle joint in this phase of gait cycle

ADP-ROM

the range of motion at ankle joint (on the sagittal plane) during the stance phase, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot in this phase of gait cycle

Kinetics ( W/Kg)

APMax

the maximum value of generated ankle power during terminal stance, representing the push-off ability of the foot during walking

APmin

minimum value of absorbed ankle power in early stance and mid-stance, when muscle is contracting eccentrically and absorbing energy

HPMax

the maximum value of generated hip power during midstance