Mechanisms to increase propulsive force for individuals poststroke

Table 1 Walking speeds and relative contributions to increases in propulsive force from changes in each variables

Subject	Age (yrs)	SS (m/s)	FS (m/s)	Relative contribution to paretic propulsion				Relative contribution to non-paretic propulsion				Handrail forces/BW
	Age (yrs)			TLA	M _a	mix	d	TLA	M _a	mix	d	Vertical	Horizontal
1	63	0.94	0.96	0.56	0	0	0.44	0.51	0.44	0.05	0	0.04	-0.01
2	65	0.70	0.78	0.23	0.66	0.11	0	0.39	0.58	0.03	0	0.06	-0.02
3	60	0.30	0.40	0.78	0.08	0.14	0	0.26	0.65	0.09	0	N/A	N/A
4	54	1.16	1.59	0.97	0	0	0.03	0.40	0.48	0.12	0	0	0
5	61	0.80	1.10	1	0	0	0	0.50	0.44	0.06	0	N/A	N/A
6	78	0.69	0.74	0.07	0.93	0	0	0	0	0	1	N/A	N/A
7	60	1.06	1.19	1	0	0	0	0.89	0.04	0	0.07	N/A	N/A
8	70	0.75	0.83	1	0	0	0	0.89	0	0	0.11	0.11	-0.01
9	70	0.47	0.69	0.83	0.12	0.05	0	0.93	0.05	0.02	0	0.07	0.07
10	55	0.45	0.78	0.72	0.11	0.17	0	0.71	0.18	0.11	0	0	0
11	63	0.27	0.47	0.65	0.08	0.27	0	1	0	0	0	0.09	-0.02
12	43	0.61	0.87	0.72	0.15	0.13	0	0.65	0.25	0.10	0	0.11	0.11
13*	58	0.61	0.65	0.57	0.37	0.06	0	0	0	0.21	0.79	0.19	0.18
14	71	1.16	1.36	0.51	0.46	0.03	0	1	0	0	0	0.04	0.04
15	55	0.74	1.01	0.64	0	0.36	0	0.79	0.18	0.03	0	0.10	-0.03
16	78	0.72	1.11	1	0	0	0	0.59	0.25	0.16	0	0.05	-0.02
17	61	0.80	1.14	1	0	0	0	0.90	0.06	0.04	0	0.05	0.05
18	62	1.13	1.37	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0.12	0.12
19	55	0.88	1.10	0.71	0.21	0.08	0	0.34	0.63	0.03	0	0.03	0.03
20	62	1.01	1.11	0.83	0.11	0.06	0	0.66	0.20	0.05	0.09	0	0
21	71	0.88	1.23	0.18	0.77	0.05	0	0.73	0.21	0.06	0	0.12	0.12
22	56	1.13	1.46	0.97	0	0	0.03	1	0	0	0	0	0
23	47	0.42	0.60	0.82	0.01	0.17	0	0.57	0.27	0.16	0	0.10	-0.03
24*	25	1.51	1.68	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0.05	-0.02
Mean	60	0.80	1.01	0.74	0.17	0.07	0.02	0.67	0.22	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.03
SD	11	0.30	0.34	0.28	0.28	0.10	0.09	0.28	0.22	0.05	0.21	0.05	0.06
max	78	1.51	1.68	1	0.93	0.36	0.44	1	0.65	0.16	1	0.19	0.18
min	25	0.27	0.40	0.07	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	-0.03

SS = self-selected walking speed, FS = fast walking speed, TLA = trailing limb angle, M _a = ankle moment, mix = interaction term, d = lever arm length. “N/A” denotes that handrail forces data not available.
Handrail forces were normalized by bodyweight. Positive values of handrail forces in the vertical and horizontal direction indicate forces pointing downwards and backwards, respectively.
*Subject#24 did not increase paretic propulsive force and subject#13 did not increase non-paretic propulsion during speed modulation. Thus, the relative contributions of the variables for these two subjects were not included in the overall averages in Table 1.

ISSN: 1743-0003