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Table 2 Within- and between day measurement error: Standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD)

From: Assessment of net knee moment-angle characteristics by instrumented hand-held dynamometry in children with spastic cerebral palsy and typically developing children

Group

Knee angle at

0.5 Nm

1 Nm

2 Nm

3 Nm

4 Nm

Maximum

SEM

SDD

SEM

SDD

SEM

SDD

SEM

SDD

SEM

SDD

SEM

SDD

TD (between-day)

6.1°

17.0°

5.0°

13.8°

4.2°

11.7°

4.3°

11.9°

4.6°

12.7°

4.6°

12.6°

TD (within-day)

6.1°

16.8°

5.4°

14.9°

5.2°

14.5°

5.0°

13.3°

4.7°

13.0°

3.9°

10.9°

  1. TD typically developing children, Units of SEMs SDDs are in degree