Feasibility study into self-administered training at home using an arm and hand device with motivational gaming environment in chronic stroke

Table 2 Clinical outcome scores pre-training (T01), post-training (T08) and at follow-up (T15)

Outcome measures	(P-values)	T01	T08	T15	ΔT08-T01	ΔT15-T01	ΔT15-T08
FM^b		37 (30)	41 (32)	40 (32)	+4 (6)	+3.0 (9)	+0 (4)
	(P = 0.002)				0.001	0.003	0.312
FM_prox^a		21.7 (8.2)	24.5 (8.8)	24.8 (9.0)	+2.8 (3.9)	+3.1 (4.4)	+0.3 (1.5)
	(P = 0.012)				0.010	0.012	0.784
FM_dist^b		15 (17)	16 (17)	16 (18)	+1 (2)	+1 (4)	+0 (1)
	(P = 0.078)
ARAT^b		20 (44)	29 (45)	29 (45)	+1 (2)	+1 (4)	+0 (3)
	(P = 0.101)
MAL_AOU^b		0.7 (2.0)	0.6 (2.2)	1.5 (1.9)	+0.0 (0.5)	+0.0 (0.8)	+0.0 (0.4)
	(P = 0.753)
MAL_QOM^b		0.9 (1.8)	1.1 (1.8)	1.5 (1.8)	+0.0 (0.6)	+0.2 (0.5)	+0.1 (0.4)
	(P = 0.229)
SIS^a		56.3 (13.2)	60.0 (13.9)	59.8 (15.2)	3.7 (4.9)	3.5 (6.6)	-0.1 (4.1)
	(P = 0.004)				0.003	0.055	0.999
SIS_Strength^a		44.7 (20.4)	55.4 (21.7)	49.4 (22.0)	+10.6 (11.8)	+4.7 (13.6)	-5.9 (15.0)
	(P = 0.004)				0.003	0.352	0.169
SIS_Memory^b,c		90.6 (46.9)	87.5 (31.3)	87.5 (34.4)	+0.0 (3.1)	+0.0 (6.3)	+0.0 (6.3)
	(P = 0.303)
SIS_Emotion^a		65.7 (15.9)	67.6 (15.9)	70.0 (16.3)	+1.9 (11.0)	+4.4 (12.0)	+2.5 (11.1)
	(P = 0.248)
SIS_Communication^b,c		85.7 (17.9)	89.3 (14.3)	85.7 (14.3)	+0.0 (14.3)	+0.0 (14.3)	+0.0 (10.7
	(P = 0.523)
SIS_ADL^a		57.1 (18.9)	59.3 (20.6)	54.6 (19.8)	+2.2 (7.4)	-2.5 (9.2)	-4.7 (9.9)
	(P = 0.077)
SIS_Mobility^b,c		55.0 (40.0)	67.5 (42.5)	70.0 (40.0)	+2.5 (12.5)	+5.0 (15.6)	+0.0 (15.0)
	(P = 0.014)				0.051	0.029	0.955
SIS_Hand_function^b,c		5.0 (55.0)	15.0 (60.0)	20.0 (55.0)	+0.0 (15.0)	+0.0 (15.0)	+0.0 (10.0)
	(P = 0.927)
SIS_Participation^a		48.9 (20.8)	50.9 (21.1)	56.0 (23.3)	+2.1 (16.0)	+7.2 (17.0)	+5.1 (13.9)
	(P = 0.132)
SIS_Recovery^a		52.3 (17.7)	54.0 (20.0)	53.0 (24.8)	+1.7 (11.3)	+0.8 (17.7)	+1.0 (14.8)
	(P = 0.813)

Group mean or median values at T01, T08 and T15 are displayed, in addition to change scores over training (ΔT08-T01), after the end of training (ΔT15-T08) and over training and follow-up in total (ΔT15-T01). P-values of the main effect are displayed in the second column and in case of significance, P-values of post-hoc tests are displayed in the last three columns (significant P-values in bold).
Abbreviations : FM Fugl-Meyer, FM_prox Fugl-Meyer proximal part, FM_dist Fugl-Meyer distal part, ARAT Action Research Arm Test, MAL_AOU Motor Activity Log Amount of Use, MAL_QOM Motor Activity Log Quality of Movement, SIS Stroke Impact Scale, SIS_ADL Stroke Impact Scale Activities of Daily Living section, T01 baseline measurement pre-training, T08 evaluation measurement post-training, T15 two-month follow-up evaluation measurement
^aNormally distributed variables displayed by mean (standard deviation) and analyzed by mixed models repeated measures analysis
^bNon-parametric variables displayed by median (interquartile range) and analyzed by Friedman ANOVA
^c N = 19 because of incomplete dataset

ISSN: 1743-0003