Table 4 Kinesiological parameters of normal subjects and patients in spastic group according to the Ashworth scale
From: Biceps femoris late latency responses and the “notching sign” in spasticity
Normal | Spasticity | Ash 1 | Ash 2 | Ash 3 | Ash 4 | p* | p** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pc | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.734 | 0.000 |
Ɵ1(°) | 18.3 ± 5.6 | 14.8 ± 6.8 | 16.9 ± 6.6 | 17.1 ± 5.2 | 13.7 ± 5.6 | 3.1 ± 3.4 | 0.061 | 0.001 |
t1(msec) | 317.4 ± 23.4 | 255.5 ± 80.0 | 304 ± 55 | 279 ± 56 | 208 ± 82 | 162 ± 74 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
ω1(°/s) | 58.0 ± 16.6 | 60.5 ± 28.0 | 58 ± 25 | 64 ± 23 | 70.5 ± 29 | 23 ± 25 | 0.537 | 0.016 |
f (Hz) | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Ɵ2(°) | 10.6 ± 5.6 | 7.8 ± 5.2 | 12.6 ± 4.8 | 8.9 ± 2.7 | 4.4 ± 2.9 | - | 0.044 | 0.000 |
ω2(°/s) | 41.7 ± 23.2 | 35.6 ± 21.7 | 53 ± 21 | 40 ± 12 | 25 ± 16 | - | 0.415 | 0.000 |
DR | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.47 ± 0.2 | 0.75 ± 0.1 | 0.53 ± 0.1 | 0.28 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.187 | 0.000 |
N | 25 | 65 | 18 | 23 | 18 | 6 | N/S G | Ash. |