Outcomes | RT + ES (n = 20) | RT + Sham (n = 19) | Repeated measure ANOVA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | Follow-up | Pretest | Posttest | Follow-up | F | P | Partial η2 | |
Motor impairment | |||||||||
UE-FMA | 30.70 (9.76) | 34.60 (9.79)** | 32.90 (8.75) | 26.89 (10.66) | 30.68 (10.02)** | 29.21 (9.25)** | .010 | .955 | <.01 |
MAS | |||||||||
  Forearm pronator | 1.10 (0.58) | 1.18 (0.63) | -- | 1.37 (0.70) | 1.29 (0.75) | -- | .974 | .330 | .026 |
  Forearm supinator | 0.05 (0.22) | 0.05 (0.22) | -- | 0.05 (0.23) | 0.13 (0.40) | -- | .366 | .549 | .010 |
  Wrist flexor | 1.35 (0.59) | 1.08 (0.49)** | -- | 1.03 (0.66) | 1.13 (0.64) | -- | 4.161 | .049* | .101 |
  Wrist extensor | 0.28 (0.50) | 0.18 (0.44) | -- | 0.21 (0.42) | 0.21 (0.42) | -- | .949 | .336 | .025 |
Daily function | |||||||||
WMFT | |||||||||
  Time | 7.39 (3.26) | 6.72 (3.18) | -- | 8.50 (4.06) | 7.30 (2.50) | -- | .545 | .465 | .015 |
  FAS | 2.54 (0.52) | 2.76 (0.55)** | -- | 2.35 (0.61) | 2.43 (0.61)** | -- | 5.971 | .019* | .139 |
MAL | |||||||||
  AOU | 0.57 (0.57) | 0.92 (0.81)** | 0.71 (0.65) | 0.54 (0.70) | 0.82 (1.01)** | 0.69 (0.82) | .165 | .848 | .004 |
  QOM | 0.47 (0.53) | 0.86 (0.75)** | 0.61 (0.56) | 0.51 (0.63) | 0.79 (0.95)** | 0.59 (0.69) | .351 | .705 | .009 |
Quality of life | |||||||||
  SIS Physical Function | 58.87 (9.57) | 64.43 (12.34)** | 57.43 (12.54) | 56.57 (11.33) | 64.19 (14.12)** | 54.17 (8.40)*** | .401 | .631 | .012 |
  Strength | 38.75 (8.98) | 44.69 (16.26) | 41.56 (14.38) | 37.17 (17.36) | 44.74 (16.96) | 40.46 (15.92) | .065 | .937 | .002 |
  ADL | 77.94 (17.68) | 81.76 (15.86) | 79.96 (15.99) | 75.96 (14.56) | 76.37 (15.32) | 77.16 (13.00) | .537 | .587 | .014 |
  Mobility | 93.21 (5.86)**** | 93.61 (6.50) | 93.20 (5.67) | 82.69 (19.98) | 89.23 (15.07) | 90.88 (14.36)** | 4.372 | .016* | .106 |
  Hand function | 26.78 (22.07) | 38.42 (29.29) | 50.32 (34.31) | 24.93 (21.14) | 42.62 (26.43)** | 25.02 (20.79)*** | 4.992 | .014* | .128 |