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Fig. 3 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Fig. 3

From: Evaluation of the effects of the Arm Light Exoskeleton on movement execution and muscle activities: a pilot study on healthy subjects

Fig. 3

Movement execution and muscle activity across the three sessions, while performing the reaching tasks wearing the exoskeleton in passive modality (day 1 (WEP1), day 2 (WEP2), and day 3 (WEP3)). a The end-effector parameters (i.e., the mean distance, nMD, and the numbers of peaks in the speed profile, nPK) averaged across the three subjects for day 1, day 2, and day 3, are represented for the twelve targets arranged in a clock-like fashion (each value represents the mean across the subjects for the forward and backward movements) in one repetition. Dark red, light red, and purple lines code day 1, day 2, and day 3, respectively. The maximum value for the nMD and nPK is reported in the upper right corner of each plot. b The averaged four angular trajectories (SH-Abd, SH-Rot, SH-Flx, and EL-Flx) are reported for a representative target (North). The mean and the standard errors refer to the three subjects and one repetition. On the x-axis, the duration of the movement is represented in percentage and it includes the forward and backward movement. On the bottom, the Pearson correlation coefficients (R joint ) and the angular distance (d joint ) in deg are reported for each target. Each value represents the mean across the three subjects. Dark red lines code the average correlation between the day 1 and day 2 and between day 1 and day 3, light red lines code the average correlation between day 2 and day 1 and between day 2 and day 3, and purple lines code the average correlation between day 3 and day 1 and between day 3 and day 2. The maximum value for the distance and the correlation is reported in the upper right corner of each plot. c The muscle activity for a representative target (North) averaged across the three subjects for the three days. On the x-axis the duration of the movement is represented in percentage, and it includes the forward and backward movement. The RMS EMG for the twelve targets is also reported for each muscle. Dark red, light red, and purple lines code day 1, day 2, and day 3, respectively. The maximum value for the RMS EMG is reported in the upper right corner of the DANT muscle

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