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Table 2 Comparison of the study outcome measures

From: The effect of balance training on postural control in people with multiple sclerosis using the CAREN virtual reality system: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Parameters

VR group (n = 15)

Standardized exercise group (n = 15)

F (P-value) for time factor

F (P-value) for group X time factor

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Mean difference

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Mean difference

Posturography- eyes open

        

 CoP path length (mm)

345.3 (76.2)

290.5 (105.3)

−54.8 (52.4)

313.5 (89.5)

272.9 (78.4)

−40.6 (32.9)

5.278 (0.024)*

1.569 (0.226)

 Sway rate (mm/s)

17.0 (6.3)

13.0 (6.5)

−3.0 (3.4)

16.1 (6.3)

12.6 (4.4)

−3.5 (3.4)

5.852 (0.035)*

0.997 (0.232)

 Ellipse sway area (mm2)

309.0 (116.3)

319.8 (130.5)

10.8 (74.2)

309.0 (116.3)

319.8 (130.5)

10.8 (74.2)

0.754 (0.872)

0.659 (0.624)

 Pressure distribution difference (%)

9.4 (7.4)

9.5 (6.3)

0.1 (6.1)

9.4 (7.4)

9.5 (6.3)

0.1 (6.1)

0.076 (0.984)

0.085 (0.892)

Posturography- eyes closed

        

 CoP path length (mm)

392.3 (112.3)

333.1 (156.4)

−59.2 (98.0)

376.1 (102.9)

343.2 (146.9)

32.9 (102.4)

1.023 (0.189)

0.067 (0.348)

 Sway rate (mm/s)

20.1 (15.3)

18.4 (9.8)

−1.7 (7.7)

22.4 (12.4)

18.9 (11.8)

−3.5 (8.0)

0.921 (0.239)

0.910 (0.296)

 Ellipse sway area (mm2)

378.3 (109.5)

342.5 (100.5)

−35.8 (94.2)

363.3 (99.1)

338.8 (109.4)

−24.5 (72.1)

1.351 (0.137)

0.004 (0.981)

 Pressure distribution difference

9.9 (7.9)

10.3 (8.3)

0.4 (5.1)

9.6 (7.1)

10.7 (6.3)

1.1 (5.9)

0.045 (0.887)

0.019 (0.675)

Clinical balance tests

        

 FRT (cm)

30.1 (5.0)

34.8 (6.9)

4.8 (4.1)

27.6 (6.4)

30.2 (4.9)

2.6 (3.2)

20.481 (0.001)*

10.173 (0.009)*

 BBT

46.8 (9.6)

47.9 (6.4)

1.1 (4.2)

43.3 (7.1)

44.6 (4.9)

1.3 (5.2)

1.541 (0.215)

1.794 (0.561)

 FSST (s)

16.2 (7.0)

12.7 (6.4)

−4.5 (5.0)

14.2 (7.1)

11.7 (5.9)

−3.5 (6.1)

9.011 (0.031)*

1.250 (0.361)

 FES-I questionnaire

36.4 (9.7)

29.4 (7.8)

−7.0 (4.3)

32.9 (10.3)

28.6 (5.8)

−4.3 (6.3)

17.815 (0.023)*

6.710 (0.021)*

  1. CoP Center of pressure, FRT Functional reach test, BBT Berg balance test, FSST Four step square test, FES-I Falls Efficacy Scale International
  2. Values are expressed as mean (S.D). *P-Value <0.05
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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 1743-0003

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