A robot-based behavioural task to quantify impairments in rapid motor decisions and actions after stroke

Table 1 Demographic information of subjects included in the experiment

Measure	Stroke (n = 157)								Controls (n = 309)
Age in years^a	64 (25–90; 13.8)								53 (18–93; 19.4)
sex (male/female)	102/55 subjects								138/171 subjects
handedness (L/R/M)^b	10/147/0 subjects								30/279/0 subjects
time since stroke^a	11 (1–49; 11.2) days								-
affected arm (L/R)	94/63 subjects								-
FIM- motor subscore^cd	71 (22–91)								-
FIM- total score^cd	102.5 (46–126)								-
MoCA^e	24 (10–30)								-
BIT^c	141 (64–146)								-
lesion location (number of subjects)	C	SC	C + SC	Cb	Br	Cb + Br	Mx	Uk	-
lesion location (number of subjects)	44	48	44	3	8	1	3	4	-
	LA (n = 94)				RA (n = 63)
ischemic/hemorrhagic/both	85/9/0 subjects				55/8/0 subjects				-
BIT < 130	22 subjects				6 subjects				-
visual field deficit	16 subjects				7 subjects				-
CMSA- arm subscore^f
Affected arm	[5 13 14 4 19 14 24] ^g				[5 8 9 5 13 7 15] ^h				-
Unaffected arm	[0 0 0 0 8 22 63] ^g				[0 0 0 0 1 14 47] ^h				-
Affected hand	[9 3 10 8 30 16 16] ⁱ				[4 7 6 7 12 11 15] ^h				-
Unaffected hand	[0 0 0 0 1 32 59] ⁱ				[0 0 0 0 2 18 42] ^h				-
	left		right		left			right
Modified Ashworth^j	[76 10 1 6 0 0]^g		[61 1 0 0 0 0]^g		[91 2 0 0 0 0]^h			[48 8 4 0 2 0]^h

Abbreviations: L/R/M (left/right/mixed), FIM (functional independence measure), MoCA (Montreal cognitive assessment), BIT (behavioural inattention test), LA (left affected), RA (right affected), C (cortical), SC (subcortical), C + SC (cortical + subcortical), Cb (cerebellar), Br (brainstem), Cb + Br (cerebellar + brainstem), Mx (mixed), Uk (unknown), CMSA (Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment)
Legend:^a median (min-max; standard deviation).^b Handedness as determined by the Edinburgh Handedness Test.^c median (min-max).^d n = 156.^e n = 152.^f[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7] corresponds to the number of subjects with CMSA subscores of [1 2 3 4 5 6 7].^g n = 93.^h n = 62.ⁱ n = 92.^j [n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6] corresponds to the number of subjects with Modified Ashworth scores of [0 1 1+ 2 3 4] for elbow flexion

ISSN: 1743-0003