The association between fear of falling and smoothness of lower trunk oscillation in gait varies according to gait speed in community-dwelling older adults

Table 3 Association between harmonic ratios and fear of falling and in normal and fast-gait conditions

Gait speed condition	Model Independent variables	Dependent variables
		HR-VT	HR-ML	HR-AP	STV
		Standard β (P value)	Standard β (P value)	Standard β (P value)	Standard β (P value)
Normal gait	Model 1
	FoF	-0.083 (0.210)	-0.145 (0.026)	-0.088 (0.170)	0.178 (0.009)
	Gait speed	0.201 (0.002)	0.095 (0.136)	0.231 (<0.001)	-0.015 (0.819)
	Adjusted R²	0.051	0.093	0.107	0.017
	Model 2
	FoF	-0.043 (0.509)	-0.135 (0.040)	-0.050 (0.435)
	Gait speed	0.198 (0.002)	0.094 (0.140)	0.227 (<0.001)
	STV	-0.223 (<0.001)	-0.054 (0.383)	-0.217 (<0.001)
	Adjusted R²	0.097	0.092	0.150
	Model 3
	FoF	-0.044 (0.500)	-0.135 (0.041)	-0.050 (0.431)	0.179 (0.009)
	Gait speed	0.202 (0.002)	0.093 (0.151)	0.229 (<0.001)	-0.019 (0.779)
	STV	-0.223 (<0.001)	-0.054 (0.380)	-0.217 (<0.001)	-------
	Fall history	-0.030 (0.633)	0.014 (0.823)	-0.167 (0.786)	0.029 (0.656)
	Adjusted R²	0.097	0.089	0.146	0.014
Fast gait	Model 1
	FoF	-0.079 (0.239)	-0.107 (0.101)	-0.143 (0.032)	-0.043 (0.519)
	Gait speed	-0.066 (0.349)	0.209 (0.002)	0.045 (0.518)	0.155 (0.027)
	Adjusted R²	0.032	0.086	0.049	0.043
	Model 2
	FoF	-0.091 (0.163)	-0.114 (0.080)	-0.154 (0.017)
	Gait speed	-0.024 (0.722)	0.232 (<0.001)	0.085 (0.210)
	STV	-0.268 (<0.001)	-0.149 (0.017)	-0.260 (<0.001)
	Adjusted R²	0.097	0.104	0.110
	Model 3
	FoF	-0.091 (0.162)	-0.114 (0.080)	-0.154 (0.018)	-0.043 (0.517)
	Gait speed	-0.023 (0.743)	0.232 (<0.001)	0.081 (0.237)	0.156 (0.028)
	STV	-0.268 (<0.001)	-0.149 (0.018)	-0.260 (<0.001)	-------
	Fall history	-0.014 (0.822)	-0.005 (0.941)	0.032 (0.606)	-0.009 (0.888)
	Adjusted R²	0.094	0.100	0.107	0.039

All models were adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, musculoskeletal disease using a general linear regression model. Normal gait is a gait condition in which subjects were asked to walk at a self-selected preferred gait speed. Fast gait is a gait condition in which subjects were asked to walk at a self-selected fast-gait speed
FoF Fear of Falling, STV Stride Time Variability, HR Harmonic Ratio, VT Vertical, ML Mediolateral, AP Anteroposterior

ISSN: 1743-0003