From: The effectiveness of robotic-assisted gait training for paediatric gait disorders: systematic review
Group studies | Level of evidence Research design | Participants | Total n | Ages (y) | Intervention | Control intervention |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Druzbicki 2010 [15] | II RCT | CP GMFCS II-IV | 18 | 6–14 | RAGT + PT 20 sessions over 4/52 (45 min duration) | Individual PT only |
Druzbicki 2013 [18] | II RCT | CP: SD GMFCS II and III | 52 | 10–11 | RAGT 20 sessions over 4/52 (45 min duration) | Individual PT only |
Smania 2011 [4] | II RCT | CP GMFCS I-IV | 18 | E = 13 ± 2.8 C = 12 ± 3.1 | RAGT 5 sessions (30 min RAGT and 10 min stretching: 40 min duration) over 2/52 | 5 × 40 min sessions of exercises over 2/52 |
Nikityuk 2016 [20] | III2 pre/post test with control | CP (average GMFCS level of III | 27 | E = 9.0 ± 3.67 C = 9.1 ± 4.84 | RAGT + FES 15 sessions (30 min duration) over 3/52 | RAGT (no FES), duration same as for E |
Brutsch 2011 [14] | III3 Interrupted time series (two schedules) | Neurol (10): CP 5, TBI 2, MM 2, SLE 1. | 10 | 12.47 +/− 2.75 | RAGT 1 of 2 schedules of feedback (30–40 min duration) | Crossover 2nd of 2 schedules of feedback (30–40 min duration) |
Patritti 2010 [5] | III3 Interrupted time series ABA vs ACA | CP: D (GMFCS II x2; III x2) | 4 | 5.5–8 | RAGT + augmented feedback | RAGT (no FB) |
Schroeder 2014 [19] | III3 Interrupted time series (ABA) | CP (bilateral spastic) GMFCS I-IV | 18 | 11.5 | RAGT (B) 12 sessions (30–60 min duration) over 3/52 | Control (A) period before and after usual physio 3/52 |
Bayon 2016 [17] | IV Pre/post test | CP (bilateral spastic) GMFCS II and III Post-SEMLS (11 & 42 months) | 2 | 12 and 14 | RAGT using novel ‘CPWalker’ 10 sessions (60 min duration) over 5/52. | n/a |
Borggraefe 2008 [21] | IV Pre/post test Single case | CP GMFCS III | 1 | 6 | RAGT 12 sessions over 3/52 (mean 34 min duration) | n/a |
Borggraefe 2010 [25] | IV Pre/post test | CP GMFCS I-IV | 20 | 11.0 ± 5.1 | RAGT 12 sessions (50 min duration) over 3/52 | n/a |
Borggraefe 2010 [12] | IV Pre/post test | CP (58) Neurol (20) Orthop (2) Miscel (9) | 89 | 11.4+/−4.5 | RAGT 12 sessions over 3/52 (30 min duration) | n/a |
IV Pre/post test | CP (13) Spinal paralysis (1) | 14 | 8.2 ± 5.4 | RAGT 12 sessions (50 min duration) over 3/52 plus follow-up sessions 2-3p/m over 6/12 | n/a | |
Koenig 2008 [16] | IV Pre/post test Descriptive case study | CP - nil further data | 15 | No data | RAGT (different VR scenarios with haptic feedback) | n/a |
Meyer-Heim 2007 [13] | IV Pre/post test | CP (19) TBI/GB etc. (7) | 26 | 10.1+/−4 | RAGT 3–20 sessions (45 min duration) | n/a |
Meyer-Heim 2009 [23] | IV Pre/post test | CP (22) GMFCS II-IV | 22 | 8.6 | RAGT 3–5 sessions (45–60 min duration) | n/a |
Schroeder 2014 [11] | IV Pre/post test | CP GMFCS I-V | 83 | 10.9 ± 6.1 | RAGT 12 sessions (30–60 min duration) over 3/52 | n/a |
van Hedel 2015 [24] | IV Pre/post test retrospective | CP GMFCS II-IV | 67 | 11.3 ± 4 | RAGT At least one session | n/a |