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Table 1 Group characteristics

From: Kinesthetic deficits after perinatal stroke: robotic measurement in hemiparetic children

 

AIS (N = 23)

PVI (N = 20)

Controls (N = 106)

Age (years)

12.7 ± 3.7

11.6 ± 3.7

12.3 ± 3.9

Sex

10 F, 13 M

8 F, 12 M

51 F, 55 M

Affected Arm

14 R, 9 L

10 R, 10 L

--

Handedness

11 R, 12 L

11 R, 9 L

95R, 11 L

TLT [0,1,2,3]

[12, 10, 0, 1]

[15, 5, 0, 0]

[105, 1, 0, 0]

Position Sense [0,1]

 Thumb

[11, 11]a

[2, 18]

[106, 0]

 Wrist

[8, 14]a

[1, 19]

[106, 0]

Stereognosis [0,0.5,1]

 Nickel

[16, 3, 4]

[3, 11, 6]

[3, 32, 71]

 Key

[18, 0, 5]

[3, 3, 13]a

[6, 1, 99]

 Paperclip

[18, 0, 5]

[6, 0, 14]

[3, 1, 102]

Graphesthesia [0,1]

 7

[15, 8]

[4, 16]

[10, 96]

 5

[14, 9]

[5, 15]

[2, 104]

 3

[17, 6]

[9, 11]

[10, 96]

CMSA [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]

 Non-dominant Arm

[0, 0, 12, 2, 3, 3, 3]

[0, 0, 3, 1, 3, 5, 8]

--

 Dominant Arm

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 19]

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 18]

--

Logit AHA [0–100]

61.3 ± 19.9 (32–100)b

75.2 ± 16.0 (55–100)c

--

MA [0–100]

69.1 ± 21.3 (31–100)b

89.4 ± 10.7 (75–100)c

--

PSOM motor [0,0.5,1,1.5,2]

[0, 1, 6, 0, 16]

[0, 4, 10, 0, 6]

--

MACS [1–5]

[4, 16, 0, 0, 0]b

[8, 5, 0, 0, 0]c

--

PPB

 Non-dominant Arm

1.48 ± 3.1 (0–11)

5.65 ± 3.8 (0–11)

13.5 ± 2.2 (8–19)

 Dominant Arm

12.6 ± 2.0 (10–16)

13.3 ± 1.8 (10–16)

14.7 ± 2.3 (8–21)

BIT [0–146]

128 ± 24.0 (56–145)a

139 ± 4.4 (130–146)a

--

  1. Participant age is indicated as a mean ± standard deviation. Results from Thumb Localization Test (TLT), Stereognosis, Graphesthesia, Position Sense, and the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA), Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM), and Manual Abilities Classification System (MACS) are shown as the number of subjects who obtained a given score (square brackets). Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), Melbourne Assessment (MA), Purdue Pegboard (PPB), and Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT) scores are shown as a mean ± standard deviation, with a range of scores shown in brackets. Abbreviations: AIS arterial ischemic stroke, PVI periventricular venous infarction, F female, M male, L left, R right.a Data missing from one participant;b data missing from 3 AIS participants;c data missing from 7 PVI participants