Table 1 Mean ± standard deviation values for each features for each group (HS and MS) and measurement system (FP and WBB). The top table shows the results for the eyes-open condition, the bottom table for the eyes-closed condition. Results of statistical analysis (t-test, α = 0.05) is presented. Column FP - HS vs MS (p) presents the results of the statistical analysis between HS and MS populations for the data extracted using the FP. Column WBB - HS vs MS (p) presents the results of the statistical analysis between HS and MS populations for the data extracted using the WBB. Column HS - FP vs WBB (p) presents the results of the statistical analysis between FP and WBB for the HS population. Column MS- FP vs WBB (p) presents the results of the statistical analysis between FP and WBB for the MS population. For each column the p values are presented. * denotes p-value < 0.05; ** denotes a p-value < 0.01

 Total Path (mm)

202.5 ± 46.3

302.5 ± 113.8

332.1 ± 86.2

477.6 ± 206.0

0.003(**)

0.018(*)

<0.001(**)

0.007(**)

 ML Path (mm)

113.2 ± 29.5

148.8 ± 69.1

152.1 ± 41.9

206.5 ± 132.3

0.102

0.199

0.006(**)

0.208

 AP Path (mm)

142.4 ± 36.3

230.5 ± 84.0

261.2 ± 73.0

381.3 ± 146.3

<0.001(**)

0.007(**)

<0.001(**)

0.001(**)

 ML Range (mm)

9.5 ± 3.9

17.4 ± 11.2

11.0 ± 4.8

20.7 ± 13.0

0.015(*)

0.010(*)

0.532

0.673

 AP Range (mm)

17.8 ± 5.8

30.6 ± 11.8

21.3 ± 6.0

31.0 ± 11.8

<0.001(**)

0.008(**)

0.159

0.993

 ML RMS (mm)

1.8 ± 0.7

3.4 ± 1.8

2.0 ± 0.8

3.8 ± 2.2

0.003(**)

0.007(**)

0.696

0.798

 AP RMS (mm)

3.7 ± 1.2

6.4 ± 2.3

4.2 ± 1.3

6.0 ± 2.3

<0.001(**)

0.017(*)

0.428

0.842

 ML Average Disp (mm)

1.4 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 1.3

1.6 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 1.7

0.002(**)

0.006(**)

0.674

0.776

 AP Average Disp (mm)

3.0 ± 0.9

5.1 ± 1.8

3.4 ± 1.1

4.7 ± 1.9

<0.001(**)

0.025(*)

0.404

0.823

 Swept Area (mm²)

149.4 ± 95.5

530.7 ± 711.6

201.8 ± 138.0

598.6 ± 621.5

0.061

0.024(*)

0.35

0.943

 Sway Speed (mm/s)

10.2 ± 2.3

15.2 ± 5.7

11.1 ± 2.9

16.3 ± 6.8

0.003(**)

0.010(*)

0.518

0.846

 ML Average Sp (mm/s)

5.7 ± 1.5

7.5 ± 3.5

5.1 ± 1.4

7.1 ± 4.4

0.102

0.148

0.37

0.942

 AP Average Sp (mm/s)

7.1 ± 1.8

11.6 ± 4.2

8.7 ± 2.4

13.0 ± 4.8

<0.001(**)

0.004(**)

0.073

0.59

 Max Radial Pos (mm)

11.0 ± 3.7

19.0 ± 8.0

12.6 ± 4.0

18.9 ± 8.1

<0.001(**)

0.011(*)

0.373

1

 Average Radial Pos (mm/s)

3.6 ± 1.1

6.3 ± 2.3

4.1 ± 1.3

6.2 ± 2.6

<0.001(**)

0.008(**)

0.46

0.993

 Area Ellipse (mm²)

89.2 ± 56.0

286.2 ± 260.3

110.3 ± 73.1

315.5 ± 299.3

0.007(**)

0.016(*)

0.561

0.94

 D_s (mm²/s)

4.7 ± 3.6

13.2 ± 10.4

6.7 ± 5.2

26.4 ± 35.5

0.005(**)

0.052

0.346

0.262

 <Δr² _CR > (mm²)

36.4 ± 26.7

86.5 ± 78.1

37.2 ± 25.9

103.4 ± 80.8

0.029(*)

0.004(**)

0.994

0.776

 Total Path (mm)

231.9 ± 63.7

461.2 ± 208.4

414.7 ± 148.2

750.2 ± 359.4

<0.001(**)

0.002(**)

<0.001(**)

0.011(*)

 ML Path (mm)

109.1 ± 27.1

197.8 ± 79.7

148.3 ± 40.1

260.9 ± 138.6

<0.001(**)

0.004(**)

0.003(**)

0.196

 AP Path (mm)

180.3 ± 58.4

372.4 ± 192.5

356.2 ± 143.1

648.9 ± 327.4

<0.001(**)

0.003(**)

<0.001(**)

0.008(**)

 ML Range (mm)

8.1 ± 3.3

23.2 ± 15.4

9.7 ± 4.4

24.6 ± 14.5

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.404

0.956

 AP Range (mm)

18.7 ± 6.2

38.0 ± 14.0

25.6 ± 8.0

43.2 ± 16.2

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.014(*)

0.528

 ML RMS (mm)

1.6 ± 0.7

4.5 ± 2.8

1.8 ± 0.8

4.7 ± 2.7

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.609

0.975

 AP RMS (mm)

4.0 ± 1.3

7.9 ± 3.1

4.9 ± 1.6

8.1 ± 3.2

<0.001(**)

0.001(**)

0.14

0.981

 ML Average Disp (mm)

1.3 ± 0.5

3.5 ± 2.1

1.5 ± 0.6

3.7 ± 2.2

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.581

0.956

 AP Average Disp (mm)

3.3 ± 1.1

6.4 ± 2.5

3.9 ± 1.3

6.5 ± 2.6

<0.001(**)

0.002(**)

0.187

0.993

 Swept Area (mm²)

129.0 ± 92.2

775.7 ± 787.5

209.6 ± 150.9

937.5 ± 797.9

0.003(**)

0.001(**)

0.119

0.792

 Sway Speed (mm/s)

11.6 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 10.5

13.9 ± 4.9

25.8 ± 12.1

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.222

0.731

 ML Average Sp (mm/s)

5.5 ± 1.4

9.9 ± 4.0

5.0 ± 1.3

9.0 ± 4.9

<0.001(**)

0.003(**)

0.444

0.803

 AP Average Sp (mm/s)

9.0 ± 2.9

18.7 ± 9.7

11.9 ± 4.7

22.3 ± 10.9

<0.001(**)

0.001(**)

0.073

0.512

 Max Radial Pos (mm)

10.7 ± 3.5

23.7 ± 10.1

14.5 ± 4.5

26.0 ± 10.4

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.017(*)

0.745

 Average Radial Pos (mm/s)

3.7 ± 1.3

8.0 ± 3.4

4.5 ± 1.4

8.2 ± 3.4

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.231

0.981

 Area Ellipse (mm²)

82.5 ± 61.8

478.0 ± 450.6

109.4 ± 80.2

515.5 ± 437.7

0.002(**)

<0.001(**)

0.462

0.961

 D_s (mm²/s)

6.1 ± 5.6

32.9 ± 32.1

9.2 ± 9.0

48.4 ± 42.4

0.003(**)

0.001(**)

0.399

0.401

 <Δr² _CR > (mm²)

34.7 ± 25.3

186.8 ± 163.6

41.0 ± 29.0

184.6 ± 141.9

<0.001(**)

<0.001(**)

0.744

0.999