Fig. 1

EMG profiles and average muscle activity per gait phase for (a, b) Gluteus Medius, (c, d) Biceps Femoris and (e, f) Vastus Lateralis. a, c, e : Time normalized EMG profiles (μV) during treadmill walking (left panel) and Lokomat guided walking (right panel), for the affected limb (black lines) and the unaffected limb (grey lines) of stroke patients, and the dominant limb (black dashed line) of healthy walkers. The vertical lines indicate stance-swing transition for the affected limb (black lines) and the unaffected limb (grey lines) of stroke patients, and the dominant limb (black dashed line) of healthy walkers. b,d,f : Average level of muscle activity and standard deviations (μV) during treadmill walking (left panel) and Lokomat guided walking (right panel), for the affected limb (black bars) and the unaffected limb (grey bars) of stroke patients, and the dominant limb (black dashed bars) of healthy walkers, for four subphases of the gait cycle (DS1: first double support phase; SS: single support phase; DS2: second double support phase; SW: swing phase). Statistical results are indicated for affected limb of stroke patients vs. limb of healthy subjects (black signs) and unaffected limb of stroke patients vs limb of healthy subjects (grey signs): * significant main effect of Condition (ANOVA), ^# significant Condition by Group interaction (ANOVA), † significant effect of Group during treadmill walking (independent t-test)