The Arm Movement Detection (AMD) test: a fast robotic test of proprioceptive acuity in the arm

Table 1 Hemiparetic stroke survivor demographic data

ID	Status	Handle	Age	Sex	Years post-stroke	Lesion	Test side	MoCA	FM_M	FM_prop.	FM_LT	MAS^c	PAS
101	HSS-P	Cylinder	57	M	12	I/SC	L	27	27	2_S, 1_E, 0_W, 0_T	2	0.38	0.49 ± 0.22
107	HSS-P	Cylinder	61	M	12	I/C	R	10^b	27	1_S, 1_E, 0_W, 0_T	2	1.0	1.30 ± 0.44
108^a	HSS-P	Plane	61	M	9	I/C	L	28	9	2_S, 2_E, 0_W, 1_T	2	1.13	0.48 ± 0.39
106	HSS-P	Cylinder	64	F	24	/	R	14^b	45	2_S, 1_E, 1_W, 0_T	1	0.75	0.95 ± 0.43
105	HSS-P	Sphere	61	M	9	I/SC	R	25	66	1_S, 1_E, 1_W, 1_T	2	0	0.75 ± 0.06
112^a	HSS-P	Cylinder	34	M	6	H/*	L	27	21	2_S, 2_E, 1_W, 0_T	1	1.63	0.85 ± 0.21
113	HSS-P	Cylinder	63	F	10	/	L	22	37	2_S, 2_E, 1_W, 0_T	2	1.38	0.33 ± 0.11
102	HSS + P	Cylinder	59	M	7	I/SC	R	26^b	20	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	4	1.5	0.51 ± 0.05
104	HSS + P	Cylinder	52	M	13	/	R	23^b	21	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	2	1.38	0.45 ± 0.11
103^a	HSS + P	Cylinder	64	F	29	/	L	26	30	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	4	2.75	0.28 ± 0.07
110	HSS + P	Sphere	62	M	7	I/SC	L	23	41	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	4	1.63	0.46 ± 0.13
111	HSS + P	Sphere	69	F	35	H/B	R	25	23	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	4	0.75	0.43 ± 0.06
114	HSS + P	Sphere	64	M	7	I/SC	L	24	66	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	4	0	0.35 ± 0.18
115	HSS + P	Cylinder	70	F	13	H/*	L	22	32	2_S, 2_E, 2_W, 2_T	4	0.375	0.42 ± 0.08

Abbreviations: ID patient identifier, HSS-P hemiparetic stroke survivor with impaired proprioception, HSS + P hemiparetic stroke survivor with intact proprioception, M male, F female, Lesion{type/location} - I ischemic, H hemorrhagic, C cortical, SC subcortical, B brainstem, Test Side - L left, R right, MoCA montreal cognitive assessment score, FM _M motor portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FM _PROP proprioceptive component of the sensory portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, S shoulder, E elbow, W wrist, T thumb, FM _LT light touch component of the sensory portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, C-13 the chedoke McMaster Arm and Hand Inventory - 13-element version, MAS modified ashworth scale, PAS proprioceptive acuity score (see Methods for computational details)
*Information unavailable
^aParticipants received botulinum neurotoxin treatment within three months prior to testing
^bParticipant has expressive aphasia
^cMAS score was computed by averaging the individual MAS scores for Elbow flexion & extension and shoulder abduction & adduction

ISSN: 1743-0003