Table 3 Training outcome in upper and lower limb studies
Reference | Body part | Design | Intervention | Clinical outcome measures | Results (ICF level) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects (n) | ICF level | Weeks or sessions | Frequency | ICF level | Motor outcome | Within group | Between group | |||
Levin 2012 [2] | UL | RCT | Subacute stroke (12) | A + P | 3 weeks | 3 × 45 min/week | F + A | FMA upper extremity, CSI, RPSS, BBT, WMFT, MAL, patients comments | FES, AES | Stronger effect of training on WMFT in VR group at post-test compared to conventional group. |
Shiri 2012 [35] | UL | Case series | (Sub)acute stroke (6) | A | 10 sessions, 4 weeks | 2–3 × 45 min/week | F + A + P | FMA, WFMT, MAL, DY, BBT, VAS Pain, SF-36 | F*, A*, P£ | NA |
Sin 2013 [3] | UL | RCT | Chronic stroke (40) | A | 6 weeks | 3 × 1 h/week | F + A | AROM upper extremity, FMA, BBT | F*, A* | F*, A* |
Lloréns 2015 [32] | LL | RCT | Chronic stroke (20) | A | 4 weeks | 5 × 1 h/week | A | BBS, POMAb, POMAg, BBA, 10MWT; Short Feedback Questionnaire | A* | A* |
Lloréns 2015 [33] | LL | RCT | Chronic stroke (30) | A | 20 sessions | 3 × 45 min/week | A | BBS, POMAb, POMAg, BBA, SUS, IMI, cost | A* | No significance found |
Lozano-Quilis 2014 [21] | LL | RCT | MS (11) | F + A | 10 weeks | 1 × 1 h/week | F + A | BBS, POMAb, SLB, 10MWT, TUG, SEQ | F*, A* | F*, A* |