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Fig. 2 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Fig. 2

From: Advances in closed-loop deep brain stimulation devices

Fig. 2

a A schematic representing different brain layers and measurable electrophysiological signals. Recording from higher depths results in potentials with higher strength and quality. The higher the distance of electrode from the potential source means a larger impedance. Therefore, proportional to the distance, the potentials are attenuated and high-frequency components are rejected due to the low-pass filtering behavior of the brain layers [159, 160]. In addition, recording from an electrode with smaller contact area enables measuring potentials from fewer neurons [161]. b Amplitude vs frequency characteristics of the human brain potentials of interest. c The spatial resolution of electrophysiological signals. d Three-shell head model. Different layers of the head, particularly the skull with a large resistivity, induce a distorting effect on the potentials that reach the scalp surface

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