Fig. 1

Violin plots based on the kernel density distribution show the distribution of gait outcomes. The violins show gait outcomes for healthy old adults (n = 25), cognitive intact (n = 31), and cognitive impaired geriatric patients (n = 36) during single-task walking. A more compact and less elongated kernel denotes greater density and homogeneity across gait outcomes. Black and dashed red lines indicate mean and median values, respectively. Outcomes are standardized to unit variance for plotting purposes only. RMS = Root Mean Square; IH = Index of Harmonicity; Cross-SampEn = Cross Sample Entropy; Mscale-En = Multi-scale Entropy; max-Lyap = maximal Lyapunov Exponent; FreqVar = Frequency Variability; AP = Anterior-Posterior; ML = Medio-Lateral; V = Vertical