Assessment of the underlying systems involved in standing balance: the additional value of electromyography in system identification and parameter estimation

Table 3 Overview of the model parameters with their values used in data simulation

Parameter	Symbol	Value
Moment of inertia	J	80.8 [kg m²]
Body mass	m	70.1 [kg]
Center of Mass height	h	0.99 [m]
Intrinsic stiffness	K	94.4 [Nm/rad]
Intrinsic damping	D	10.9 [Nms/rad]
Activation dynamics: Eigenfrequency	f₀	1.48 [Hz]
Activation dynamics: Relative damping	β	1.30 [−]
Time delay	τ_d	0.104 [s]
Proprioceptive weight	W	0.145 [−]
Reflexive stiffness	K_p	908.2 [Nm/rad]
Reflexive damping	K_d	591.7 [Nms/rad]
Acceleration feedback	K_a	89.1 [Nms²/rad]
Force feedback gain	K_f	0.0018 [rad/Nm]
Force feedback time constant	τ_f	17.4 [s]

ISSN: 1743-0003