Fig. 3

Leg joint torques for standing on level ground, on an upward slope, and on a downward slope. a level ground, (b) on an upward slope of 10°, and (c) on an downward slope of −10° for TT and TF amputees. Sorted by foot and situation. Feet are (from left to right): Everyday foot (red), Meridium (blue), Elan (green), Proprio (orange), TSA (purple), and Raize (grey only TT). The error bars specify maximum and minimum within the group for the amputees. Mean and SD values of the non-amputee group (black-framed) are given, too. Mean values in Nm/kg. Note, for amputees the knee (TT) and hip (TT & TF) torques on the prosthetic side and all of the sound side are the crucial ones (not the torques acting on the prosthesis). From an engineering point of view the torques acting on the prosthesis are also interesting