Table 4 Ankle muscle’s peak force values (mean ± standard deviation) normalized by body weight (BW) of diabetic neuropathy (DNG), diabetic (DG) and control (CG) groups during the gait cycle

Ankle Flexors

58.5±16.5

62.7±27.4

66.6±23.4

0.059

__

__

10.2 ±1.5

11.9 ±6.1

9.1 ±1.1

__

__

Ankle Extensors

173.6 ±29.3

183.0 ±30.5^a

158.7 ±37.6^a

<0.001 ^*

(1x2) 0.314

(1x3) -0.442

(2x3) -0.710

0.037 ^†

38.0 ±8.6^a

42.7 ±15.6^b

44.8 ±17.7^a,b

(1x2) 0.373

(1x3) 0.489

(2x3) 0.126

0.021 ^†

35.2 ±37.3

37.1 ±31.1

29.0 ±26.2

(1x2) 0.055

(1x3) -0.192

(2x3) -0.282

0.666^†

213.0 ±39.9^a

183.1 ±29.3^a

195.8 ±48.2

(1x2) -0.854

(1x3) -0.389

(2x3) 0.318

0.024 ^†

Ankle Evertors

11.9 ±8.3^a

26.6 ±18.4^a,b

17.3 ±12.4^b

<0.001 ^*

(1x2) 1.030

(1x3) 0.512

(2x3) -0.593

<0.001 ^†

25.1 ±19.5^a

31.5 ±19.1^b

64.2 ±35.9^a,b

(1x2) 0.332

(1x3) 1.353

(2x3) 1.137

<0.001 ^†

4.0 ±2.6^a

7.9 ±5.4^a,b

5.3 ±3.5^b

(1x2) 0.920

(1x3) 0.422

(2x3) -0.571

0.003 ^†

4.9 ±3.5^a

7.2 ±4.6^b

12.4 ±7.8^a,b

(1x2) 0.563

(1x3) 1.241

(2x3) 0.812

<0.001 ^†